Browsing by Author "Peters, Arnd"
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- ItemAmpullen aus Glas. Einige neue Erkenntnisse über die Einflüsse bei der Herstellung und der chemischen Beanspruchung(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1973) Peters, ArndVom deutschen FIOLAX-Rohrglas für die Ampullenherstellung wird nach Darstellung der physikalischen und chemischen Daten das chemische Verhalten des Grundglases und der Glasoberfläche besprochen. Danach wird auf die folgenden Aspekte der Ampullenherstellung und -beanspruchung eingegangen: 1. chemisches Oberflächenverhalten als Folge der Behälterformung; 2.Definition und Nachweis der Entstehung von Glaspartikeln als „Splitter", „Schuppen" und „Flitter", Diskussion insbesondere der Flitterbildung als Funktion der Herstellbedingungen (Brenngastyp und Brenner) und 3.Möglichkeiten der Qualitätssicherung bei der Ampullenherstellung durch Automaten-Kontrolle.
- ItemAnalysis of glasses using atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry Part 1. General considerations and results of collaborative investigations Report by the International Commission on Glass Technical Committee 2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1987) Peters, Arnd; Fletcher, Walter William; Sales, Rose MaryIn a collaborative work within TC 2 of ICG a proposal for a standard procedure for the analysis of glasses by flame spectrometric methods (AAS and AES) was tested. General considerations and results with their discussions are given in this part 1, a detailed prescription of the procedures will follow in part 2. The investigations comprehended two glass types (a soda-lime-magnesia-silica glass and a coloured tubing glass containing Na2O, K2O, CaO, AI2O3, Fe2O3, and MnO as major constituents), and 4 synthetic solutions simulating the glass types borosilicate 3.3, alkaline earth containing borosilicate glass, soda-lime-magnesia-silica glass, and lead crystal glass. The measurements of the glasses were carried out by single and multiple-buffer methods: "Single buffer" using caesium salts, "multiple buffer" using different salts or salt concentrations. The results show no significant differences, so that the Committee recommends the quicker single-buffer technique, especially suitable for control purposes. The measurements of the synthetic solutions were carried out using only the single-buffer technique, but single and multiple-element calibration solutions. Discussing the results, the Committee stated, that precisely prepared sets of multiple-element calibration solutions will provide satisfactory results, again especially for control purposes. It is recommended, therefore, because it is time-saving.
- ItemAnalysis of glasses using atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry Part 2. Recommended procedures using the single-buffer method with single- or multi-element calibrations Report by the International Commission on Glass Technical Committee 2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1987) Peters, Arnd; Fletcher, Walter WilliamIn part 2 of this publication the procedure is described which is discussed, proved, optimized (results in part 1) and recommended for analysis by TC 2 of ICG. After decomposition by hydrofluoric acid/perchloric acid lead containing residues are dissolved by nitric acid, or other residues by hydrochloric acid. For precise determination of chromium a warning note is given. As spectrochemical buffers caesium salts are used (single-buffer method). For all mass produced glasses like soda-lime-magnesia-silica glasses, borosilicate glasses and (lead-) crystal glasses single-element calibration solutions are proposed as well as time-saving multi-element calibration solutions. They comprehend aluminium, barium, calcium, chromium, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc. The procedure should be applicable without problems also on the elements antimony, cobalt, copper, nickel, strontium, titanium and others when the detection limit of the elements is exceeded in the produced measuring solution. Separate calibration solutions are recommended for the determination of calcium in the presence of AI2O3 concentrations > 0,5 % m/m.
- ItemChemische Korrosion ausgewählter optischer Gläser durch handelsübliche Reinigungsmittel(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1984) Peters, ArndEine repräsentative Auswahl optischer Gläser wurde feinpoliert der chemischen Wechselwirkung handelsüblicher Reinigungsmittel, wie sie für Glas auf dem Markt sind und auch für optische Gläser angewendet werden, praxisnah ausgesetzt. Als wesentlichen, das Glas stärker angreifenden Bestandteil enthalten die Reinigungsmittel zumeist Phosphate, von denen Triphosphat wiederum bestimmte Glasarten am stärksten in Mitleidenschaft zieht. Als am schonendsten hat sich der phosphatfreie AC-Reiniger erwiesen. Das Ausmaß wurde qualitativ und quantitativ (Gewichtsverlust) bestimmt. Für viele Glasarten geben die bereits bekannten chemischen Prüfverfahren für optische Gläser geeignete Hinweise auch für das Verhalten in Detergenzlösungen, für besondere Glasarten erlaubt offenbar erst ein spezieller, international in Entwicklung befindlicher „Detergenz-Test" Vorraussagen.
- ItemDetermination of reducing components in glassmaking raw materials Report of the International Commission on Glass Technical Committee 2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1993) Peters, ArndA procedure bas been developed in Technical Committee 2 of the International Commission on Glass, which allows to determine the reducing strength (≙ chemical oxygen demand) of components accompanying glassmaking raw materials and possibly resulting in unwanted colouration of the glass. The procedure is comparadvely simple, but needs great attention in adjusting the reaction temperature of (148 ± 1) °C in the boiling (decomposition) vessel. This is achieved by a mixing of accurate valumes of the acids and water and monitoring the temperature of the boiling mixture. Furthermore, the mixture may have to be altered in pre-tests according to the prevailing atmosphere. The chemical oxygen demand for a feldspar gave, in an international round robin of 9 laboratories, a mean value of 1.72 mg O2/g of sample, with a coefficient of variance of only 7.6, and a coefficient of reproducibility of 0.13.
- ItemImproved method to determine fluorides in glasses and glass raw materials Report of the International Commission on Glass Technical Committee 2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1992) Peters, ArndThe determination of fluoride in gases, raw materials and glasses has become important because of the growing environmental problems. An extraction procedure was established and improved, which is applicable for concentrations down to 0.005 % m/m in solids. The results are very satisfying. So this method is recommended for the glass industry. The coefficient of variance is 7.8 for a glass (with 203.3 ppm F-) and 7.4, respectively, for a feldspar (with 150.6 ppm F-).
- ItemMethod for measuring the hydrolytic resistance of the surface of flat glass Α report by the International Commission on Glass, Technical Committee 2, Chemical Durability and Analysis(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1986) Kimmel, Siegfried; Peters, Arnd; Fletcher, Walter W.In international collaborative work by TC 2 of ICG a proposed method for testing the chemical durability of original flat glass surfaces, such as float glass or sheet glass, was examined and optimized. The test should give the possibility to measure even small deviations of chemical durability, for instance of float glass, for the tin bath side and the atmospheric side. In a special device, surfaces of the cleaned samples of flat glasses are leached by distilled water at 96 °C for 1 h. To the extract solution a spectrochemical buffer solution is added, and in the final solution Na2O is analysed by flame spectrometrie methods (AAS or AES). The procedure must be followed very precisely in order to be able to analyse even so complicated analytical objects like original glass surfaces with a low coefficient of (between-laboratory) variance of about 5.