Energieeffiziente Betriebskonzepte für Gesundheitsschutz mit kooperativ arbeitenden raumlufttechnischen Anlagen basierend auf Simulationen, Sensordaten und künstlicher Intelligenz (ESTATE)

Abstract

The ESTATE research project investigated various measures to reduce particle concentrations in indoor air with a focus on energy efficiency. The aim was to develop a holistic ventilation concept that ensures both high indoor air quality (low particle and CO₂ concentrations) and minimal energy consumption. Core components included measurements, CFD simulations, and the development of intelligent control strategies for HVAC systems as well as mobile air purifiers. For existing buildings, mobile devices were evaluated as energy-efficient and cost-effective alternatives to traditional HVAC systems. CFD modeling and simulation was used to analyze infection risk, CO₂ concentration, and thermal comfort in a spatially resolved manner. Based on these simulations, an analytical control concept was developed to regulate air volume flows on demand. Innovative filter technologies—such as combinations of nanofiber, electret, and activated carbon filters—enabled significant energy savings while maintaining a high level of health protection. Laboratory and field tests showed that the power consumption of mobile air purifiers could be reduced by up to 67% without compromising air quality. The developed control concept calculates optimal ventilation strategies through a balance of mass and energy flows, integrating window ventilation, mobile air purifiers, and HVAC systems. Thus, annual energy savings of up to 90% were demonstrated while maintaining indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The results are practical and can potentially be integrated into building ventilation automation systems.