Comparison of Reactor Concepts for the Direct Plasma Treatment of Seeds of Different Species

Abstract

Plasma treatment of seeds improves growth and resilience through multiple mechanisms. This study compares three reactors based on distinct concepts for treating rapeseed, lupine, and faba beans. Effectiveness is assessed via seed coat water contact angle, microstructure, water uptake, and germination dynamics. Reactor performance is further evaluated through seed temperature, energy consumption, electrical characteristics, throughput, and, for one reactor, gas consumption. Results show an increase in wettability of the seed surface across all seed types that was maintained in some seeds and plasma sources after storage for 3 months. Nevertheless, no single universal reactor exists; optimal choice depends on treatment goals, seed properties, and required throughput. The findings support plasma technology as a viable alternative to non-sustainable chemical seed dressings.