https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ae4d87 https://doi.org/10.34657/39499 Flow recirculation and restriction in a CO<sub>2</sub> microwave plasma, inferred from in-situ Raman scattering conductive heat transport mass flow rate mixing residence time co sub 2 sub diffusive radial transport specific energy input advective flow characteristics optical fiber array mass flow diagnostics fossil based chemical industry diagnostic informed modeling peer reviewed raman scattering simplified 1d view 1d kinetic models sustainable chemical processes Low Temperature Plasma Research