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- ItemRetrieval of ice-nucleating particle concentrations from lidar observations and comparison with UAV in situ measurements(Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU, 2019) Marinou, Eleni; Tesche, Matthias; Nenes, Athanasios; Ansmann, Albert; Schrod, Jann; Mamali, Dimitra; Tsekeri, Alexandra; Pikridas, Michael; Baars, Holger; Engelmann, Ronny; Voudouri, Kalliopi-Artemis; Solomos, Stavros; Sciare, Jean; Groß, Silke; Ewald, Florian; Amiridis, VassilisAerosols that are efficient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are crucial for the formation of cloud ice via heterogeneous nucleation in the atmosphere. The distribution of INPs on a large spatial scale and as a function of height determines their impact on clouds and climate. However, in situ measurements of INPs provide sparse coverage over space and time. A promising approach to address this gap is to retrieve INP concentration profiles by combining particle concentration profiles derived by lidar measurements with INP efficiency parameterizations for different freezing mechanisms (immersion freezing, deposition nucleation). Here, we assess the feasibility of this new method for both ground-based and spaceborne lidar measurements, using in situ observations collected with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and subsequently analyzed with the FRIDGE (FRankfurt Ice nucleation Deposition freezinG Experiment) INP counter from an experimental campaign at Cyprus in April 2016. Analyzing five case studies we calculated the cloud-relevant particle number concentrations using lidar measurements (n250,dry with an uncertainty of 20 % to 40 % and Sdry with an uncertainty of 30 % to 50 %), and we assessed the suitability of the different INP parameterizations with respect to the temperature range and the type of particles considered. Specifically, our analysis suggests that our calculations using the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) (applicable for the temperature range −50 to −33 ∘C) agree within 1 order of magnitude with the in situ observations of nINP; thus, the parameterization of Ullrich et al. (2017) can efficiently address the deposition nucleation pathway in dust-dominated environments. Additionally, our calculations using the combination of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015, 2010) (applicable for the temperature range −35 to −9 ∘C) agree within 2 orders of magnitude with the in situ observations of INP concentrations (nINP) and can thus efficiently address the immersion/condensation pathway of dust and nondust particles. The same conclusion is derived from the compilation of the parameterizations of DeMott et al. (2015) for dust and Ullrich et al. (2017) for soot.
- ItemEUREC4A(Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernics Publications, 2021) Stevens, Bjorn; Bony, Sandrine; Farrell, David; Ament, Felix; Blyth, Alan; Fairall, Christopher; Karstensen, Johannes; Quinn, Patricia K.; Speich, Sabrina; Acquistapace, Claudia; Aemisegger, Franziska; Crewell, Susanne; Cronin, Timothy; Cui, Zhiqiang; Cuypers, Yannis; Daley, Alton; Damerell, Gillian M.; Dauhut, Thibaut; Deneke, Hartwig; Desbios, Jean-Philippe; Dörner, Steffen; Albright, Anna Lea; Donner, Sebastian; Douet, Vincent; Drushka, Kyla; Dütsch, Marina; Ehrlich, André; Emanuel, Kerry; Emmanouilidis, Alexandros; Etienne, Jean-Claude; Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl; Faure, Ghislain; Bellenger, Hugo; Feingold, Graham; Ferrero, Luca; Fix, Andreas; Flamant, Cyrille; Flatau, Piotr Jacek; Foltz, Gregory R.; Forster, Linda; Furtuna, Iulian; Gadian, Alan; Galewsky, Joseph; Bodenschatz, Eberhard; Gallagher, Martin; Gallimore, Peter; Gaston, Cassandra; Gentemann, Chelle; Geyskens, Nicolas; Giez, Andreas; Gollop, John; Gouirand, Isabelle; Gourbeyre, Christophe; de Graaf, Dörte; Caesar, Kathy-Ann; de Groot, Geiske E.; Grosz, Robert; Güttler, Johannes; Gutleben, Manuel; Hall, Kashawn; Harris, George; Helfer, Kevin C.; Henze, Dean; Herbert, Calvert; Holanda, Bruna; Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca; Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio; Intrieri, Janet; Iyer, Suneil; Julien, Fabrice; Kalesse, Heike; Kazil, Jan; Kellman, Alexander; Kidane, Abiel T.; Kirchner, Ulrike; Klingebiel, Marcus; de Boer, Gijs; Körner, Mareike; Kremper, Leslie Ann; Kretzschmar, Jan; Krüger, Ovid; Kumala, Wojciech; Kurz, Armin; L'Hégaret, Pierre; Labaste, Matthieu; Lachlan-Cope, Tom; Laing, Arlene; Delanoë, Julien; Landschützer, Peter; Lang, Theresa; Lange, Diego; Lange, Ingo; Laplace, Clément; Lavik, Gauke; Laxenaire, Rémi; Le Bihan, Caroline; Leandro, Mason; Lefevre, Nathalie; Denby, Leif; Lena, Marius; Lenschow, Donald; Li, Qiang; Lloyd, Gary; Los, Sebastian; Losi, Niccolò; Lovell, Oscar; Luneau, Christopher; Makuch, Przemyslaw; Malinowski, Szymon; Ewald, Florian; Manta, Gaston; Marinou, Eleni; Marsden, Nicholas; Masson, Sebastien; Maury, Nicolas; Mayer, Bernhard; Mayers-Als, Margarette; Mazel, Christophe; McGeary, Wayne; McWilliams, James C.; Fildier, Benjamin; Mech, Mario; Mehlmann, Melina; Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru; Mieslinger, Theresa; Minikin, Andreas; Minnett, Peter; Möller, Gregor; Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel; Muller, Caroline; Musat, Ionela; Forde, Marvin; Napoli, Anna; Neuberger, Almuth; Noisel, Christophe; Noone, David; Nordsiek, Freja; Nowak, Jakub L.; Oswald, Lothar; Parker, Douglas J.; Peck, Carolyn; Person, Renaud; George, Geet; Philippi, Miriam; Plueddemann, Albert; Pöhlker, Christopher; Pörtge, Veronika; Pöschl, Ulrich; Pologne, Lawrence; Posyniak, Michał; Prange, Marc; Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía; Radtke, Jule; Gross, Silke; Ramage, Karim; Reimann, Jens; Renault, Lionel; Reus, Klaus; Reyes, Ashford; Ribbe, Joachim; Ringel, Maximilian; Ritschel, Markus; Rocha, Cesar B.; Rochetin, Nicolas; Hagen, Martin; Röttenbacher, Johannes; Rollo, Callum; Royer, Haley; Sadoulet, Pauline; Saffin, Leo; Sandiford, Sanola; Sandu, Irina; Schäfer, Michael; Schemann, Vera; Schirmacher, Imke; Hausold, Andrea; Schlenczek, Oliver; Schmidt, Jerome; Schröder, Marcel; Schwarzenboeck, Alfons; Sealy, Andrea; Senff, Christoph J.; Serikov, Ilya; Shohan, Samkeyat; Siddle, Elizabeth; Smirnov, Alexander; Heywood, Karen J.; Späth, Florian; Spooner, Branden; Stolla, M. Katharina; Szkółka, Wojciech; de Szoeke, Simon P.; Tarot, Stéphane; Tetoni, Eleni; Thompson, Elizabeth; Thomson, Jim; Tomassini, Lorenzo; Hirsch, Lutz; Totems, Julien; Ubele, Alma Anna; Villiger, Leonie; von Arx, Jan; Wagner, Thomas; Walther, Andi; Webber, Ben; Wendisch, Manfred; Whitehall, Shanice; Wiltshire, Anton; Jacob, Marek; Wing, Allison A.; Wirth, Martin; Wiskandt, Jonathan; Wolf, Kevin; Worbes, Ludwig; Wright, Ethan; Wulfmeyer, Volker; Young, Shanea; Zhang, Chidong; Zhang, Dongxiao; Jansen, Friedhelm; Ziemen, Florian; Zinner, Tobias; Zöger, Martin; Kinne, Stefan; Klocke, Daniel; Kölling, Tobias; Konow, Heike; Lothon, Marie; Mohr, Wiebke; Naumann, Ann Kristin; Nuijens, Louise; Olivier, Léa; Pincus, Robert; Pöhlker, Mira; Reverdin, Gilles; Roberts, Gregory; Schnitt, Sabrina; Schulz, Hauke; Siebesma, A. Pier; Stephan, Claudia Christine; Sullivan, Peter; Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic; Vial, Jessica; Vogel, Raphaela; Zuidema, Paquita; Alexander, Nicola; Alves, Lyndon; Arixi, Sophian; Asmath, Hamish; Bagheri, Gholamhossein; Baier, Katharina; Bailey, Adriana; Baranowski, Dariusz; Baron, Alexandre; Barrau, Sébastien; Barrett, Paul A.; Batier, Frédéric; Behrendt, Andreas; Bendinger, Arne; Beucher, Florent; Bigorre, Sebastien; Blades, Edmund; Blossey, Peter; Bock, Olivier; Böing, Steven; Bosser, Pierre; Bourras, Denis; Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale; Bower, Keith; Branellec, Pierre; Branger, Hubert; Brennek, Michal; Brewer, Alan; Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne; Brügmann, Björn; Buehler, Stefan A.; Burke, Elmo; Burton, Ralph; Calmer, Radiance; Canonici, Jean-Christophe; Carton, Xavier; Cato Jr., Gregory; Charles, Jude Andre; Chazette, Patrick; Chen, Yanxu; Chilinski, Michal T.; Choularton, Thomas; Chuang, Patrick; Clarke, Shamal; Coe, Hugh; Cornet, Céline; Coutris, Pierre; Couvreux, FleurThe science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.