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    PAH/PAH(CF3)n Donor/Acceptor Charge-Transfer Complexes in Solution and in Solid-State Co-Crystals
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2019) Castro, Karlee P.; Bukovsky, Eric V.; Kuvychko, Igor V.; DeWeerd, Nicholas J.; Chen, Yu-Sheng; Deng, Shihu H.M.; Wang, Xue-Bin; Popov, Alexey A.; Strauss, Steven H.; Boltalina, Olga V.
    A solution, solid-state, and computational study is reported of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH/PAH(CF3)n donor/acceptor (D/A) charge-transfer complexes that involve six PAH(CF3)n acceptors with known gas-phase electron affinities that range from 2.11(2) to 2.805(15) eV and four PAH donors, including seven CT co-crystal X-ray structures that exhibit hexagonal arrays of mixed π-stacks with 1/1, 1/2, or 2/1 D/A stoichiometries (PAH=anthracene, azulene, coronene, perylene, pyrene, triphenylene; n=5, 6). These are the first D/A CT complexes with PAH(CF3)n acceptors to be studied in detail. The nine D/A combinations were chosen to allow several structural and electronic comparisons to be made, providing new insights about controlling D/A interactions and the structures of CT co-crystals. The comparisons include, among others, CT complexes of the same PAH(CF3)n acceptor with four PAH donors and CT complexes of the same donor with four PAH(CF3)n acceptors. All nine CT complexes exhibit charge-transfer bands in solution with λmax between 467 and 600 nm. A plot of E(λmax) versus [IE(donor)−EA(acceptor)] for the nine CT complexes studied is linear with a slope of 0.72±0.03 eV eV−1. This plot is the first of its kind for CT complexes with structurally related donors and acceptors for which precise experimental gas-phase IEs and EAs are known. It demonstrates that conclusions based on the common assumption that the slope of a CT E(λmax) versus [IE−EA] plot is unity may be incorrect in at least some cases and should be reconsidered. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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    Helical Nanographenes Containing an Azulene Unit : Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties
    (Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2019) Ma, Ji; Fu, Yubin; Dmitrieva, Evgenia; Liu, Fupin; Komber, Hartmut; Hennersdorf, Felix; Popov, Alexey A.; Weigand, Jan J.; Liu, Junzhi; Feng, Xinliang
    Three unprecedented helical nanographenes (1, 2, and 3) containing an azulene unit are synthesized. The resultant helical structures are unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The embedded azulene unit in 2 possesses a record-high twisting degree (16.1°) as a result of the contiguous steric repulsion at the helical inner rim. Structural analysis in combination with theoretical calculations reveals that these helical nanographenes manifest a global aromatic structure, while the inner azulene unit exhibits weak antiaromatic character. Furthermore, UV/Vis-spectral measurements reveal that superhelicenes 2 and 3 possess narrow energy gaps (2: 1.88 eV; 3: 2.03 eV), as corroborated by cyclic voltammetry and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The stable oxidized and reduced states of 2 and 3 are characterized by in-situ EPR/Vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry. Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy for helical nanographenes containing azulene units as well as their associated structures and physical properties. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
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    Synthesis and Self-Assembly Behavior of Double Ullazine-Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
    (Stuttgart : Georg Thieme, 2021) Richter, Marcus; Borkowski, MichaƂ; Fu, Yubin; Dmitrieva, Evgenia; Popov, Alexey A.; Ma, Ji; Marszalek, Tomasz; Pisula, Wojciech; Feng, Xinliang
    Polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides (PAMY, 1) are versatile building blocks for the bottom-up synthesis of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Although the chemistry of PAMY was already established few years ago, the cycloaddition of a double PAMY building block has not been reported so far. In this work, we demonstrate the first cycloaddition of a PAMY-dimer (6), which opens the access to three different alkyl ester-substituted N-PAHs with a laterally extended double ullazine scaffold (DU-1, DU-2 and DU-3). Interestingly, the cyclic voltammetry of DU-1-3 exhibited three reversible oxidation waves, which confirmed the electron-rich nature of the double ullazine scaffold. Furthermore, in-situ spectroelectrochemistry study of ethylhexyl ester-substituted DU-3 revealed the formation of different cationic species with new absorption bands up to 1689 nm. Additionally, the influence of the attached substituents on the film formation and supramolecular organization in the thin films were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering.