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search.filters.applied.f.access: openAccess × Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis ×

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    Singular paths spaces and applications
    (Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis, 2021) Bellingeri, Carlo; Friz, Peter K.; Gerencsér, Máté
    Motivated by recent applications in rough volatility and regularity structures, notably the notion of singular modeled distribution, we study paths, rough paths and related objects with a quantified singularity at zero. In a pure path setting, this allows us to leverage on existing SLE Besov estimates to see that SLE traces takes values in a singular Hölder space, which quantifies a well-known boundary effect in the regime κ<1. We then consider the integration theory against singular rough paths and some extensions thereof. This gives a method to reconcile, from a regularity structure point of view, different singular kernels used to construct (fractional) rough volatility models and an effective reduction to the stationary case which is crucial to apply general renormalization methods.
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    Ageing-associated small RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles
    (Philadelphia, Pa. : Taylor & Francis, 2023) Kern, Fabian; Kuhn, Thomas; Ludwig, Nicole; Simon, Martin; Gröger, Laura; Fabis, Natalie; Aparicio-Puerta, Ernesto; Salhab, Abdulrahman; Fehlmann, Tobias; Hahn, Oliver; Engel, Annika; Wagner, Viktoria; Koch, Marcus; Winek, Katarzyna; Soreq, Hermona; Nazarenko, Irina; Fuhrmann, Gregor; Wyss-Coray, Tony; Meese, Eckart; Keller, Verena; Laschke, Matthias W.; Keller, Andreas
    Previous work on murine models and humans demonstrated global as well as tissue-specific molecular ageing trajectories of RNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles mediating the horizontal transfer of genetic information between different tissues. We sequenced small regulatory RNAs (sncRNAs) in two mouse plasma fractions at five time points across the lifespan from 2–18 months: (1) sncRNAs that are free-circulating (fc-RNA) and (2) sncRNAs bound outside or inside EVs (EV-RNA). Different sncRNA classes exhibit unique ageing patterns that vary between the fcRNA and EV-RNA fractions. While tRNAs showed the highest correlation with ageing in both fractions, rRNAs exhibited inverse correlation trajectories between the EV- and fc-fractions. For miRNAs, the EV-RNA fraction was exceptionally strongly associated with ageing, especially the miR-29 family in adipose tissues. Sequencing of sncRNAs and coding genes in fat tissue of an independent cohort of aged mice up to 27 months highlighted the pivotal role of miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p in ageing-related gene regulation that we validated in a third cohort by RT-qPCR.