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    Consequences of nano and microplastic exposure in rodent models: the known and unknown
    (London : BioMed Central, 2022) da Silva Brito, Walison Augusto; Mutter, Fiona; Wende, Kristian; Cecchini, Alessandra Lourenco; Schmidt, Anke; Bekeschus, Sander
    The ubiquitous nature of micro- (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) is a growing environmental concern. However, their potential impact on human health remains unknown. Research increasingly focused on using rodent models to understand the effects of exposure to individual plastic polymers. In vivo data showed critical exposure effects depending on particle size, polymer, shape, charge, concentration, and exposure routes. Those effects included local inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disruption, leading to gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproduction disorders, and neurotoxic effects. This review distillates the current knowledge regarding rodent models exposed to MP and NP with different experimental designs assessing biodistribution, bioaccumulation, and biological responses. Rodents exposed to MP and NP showed particle accumulation in several tissues. Critical responses included local inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic, hepatic, and reproductive disorders, and diseases exacerbation. Most studies used MP and NP commercially provided and doses higher than found in environmental exposure. Hence, standardized sampling techniques and improved characterization of environmental MP and NP are needed and may help in toxicity assessments of relevant particle mixtures, filling knowledge gaps in the literature.
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    Reversible Conductive Inkjet Printing of Healable and Recyclable Electrodes on Cardboard and Paper
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Kang, D.J.; Jüttke, Y.; González-García, L.; Escudero, A.; Haft, M.; Kraus, T.
    Conductive inkjet printing with metal nanoparticles is irreversible because the particles are sintered into a continuous metal film. The resulting structures are difficult to remove or repair and prone to cracking. Here, a hybrid ink is used to obviate the sintering step and print interconnected particle networks that become highly conductive immediately after drying. It is shown that reversible conductive printing is possible on low-cost cardboard samples after applying standard paper industry coats that are adapted in terms of surface energy and porosity. The conductivity of the printed films approaches that of sintered standard inks on the same substrate, but the mobility of the hybrid particle film makes them less sensitive to cracks during bending and folding of the substrate. Damages that occur can be partially repaired by wetting the film such that particle mobility is increased and particles move to bridge insulating gaps in the film. It is demonstrated that the conductive material can be recovered from the cardboard at the end of its life time and be redispersed to recycle the particles and reuse them in conductive inks.
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    Dynamics of particle settling and resuspension in viscous liquids
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2012) Murisic, Nebojsa; Pausader, Benoit; Peschka, Dirk; Bertozzi, Andrea L.
    We derive and study a dynamical model for suspensions of negatively buoyant particles on an incline. Our theoretical model includes the settling/sedimentation due to gravity as well as the resuspension of particles induced by shear-induced migration, leading to disaggregation of the dense sediment layer. Out of the three different regimes observed in the experiments, we focus on the so-called settled case, where the particles settle out of the flow, and two distinct fronts, liquid and particle, form. Using an approach relying on asymptotics, we systematically connect our dynamic model with the previously developed equilibrium theory for particle-laden flows. We show that the resulting transport equations for the liquid and the particles are of hyperbolic type, and study the dilute limit, for which we derive the analytic solution. We also carry out a systematic experimental study of the settled regime, focusing on the motion of the liquid and the particle fronts. Finally, we carry out numerical simulations of our transport equations. We show that the model predictions for small to moderate values of the particle volume fraction and the inclination angle of the solid substrate agree well with the experimental data.