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    Wafer-scale nanofabrication of telecom single-photon emitters in silicon
    ([London] : Nature Publishing Group UK, 2022) Hollenbach, Michael; Klingner, Nico; Jagtap, Nagesh S.; Bischoff, Lothar; Fowley, Ciarán; Kentsch, Ulrich; Hlawacek, Gregor; Erbe, Artur; Abrosimov, Nikolay V.; Helm, Manfred; Berencén, Yonder; Astakhov, Georgy V.
    A highly promising route to scale millions of qubits is to use quantum photonic integrated circuits (PICs), where deterministic photon sources, reconfigurable optical elements, and single-photon detectors are monolithically integrated on the same silicon chip. The isolation of single-photon emitters, such as the G centers and W centers, in the optical telecommunication O-band, has recently been realized in silicon. In all previous cases, however, single-photon emitters were created uncontrollably in random locations, preventing their scalability. Here, we report the controllable fabrication of single G and W centers in silicon wafers using focused ion beams (FIB) with high probability. We also implement a scalable, broad-beam implantation protocol compatible with the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology to fabricate single telecom emitters at desired positions on the nanoscale. Our findings unlock a clear and easily exploitable pathway for industrial-scale photonic quantum processors with technology nodes below 100 nm.
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    Electronic Properties and Structure of Boron–Hydrogen Complexes in Crystalline Silicon
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2021-9-17) De Guzman, Joyce Ann T.; Markevich, Vladimir P.; Coutinho, José; Abrosimov, Nikolay V.; Halsall, Matthew P.; Peaker, Anthony R.
    The subject of hydrogen–boron interactions in crystalline silicon is revisited with reference to light and elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) in boron-doped solar silicon. Ab initio modeling of structure, binding energy, and electronic properties of complexes incorporating a substitutional boron and one or two hydrogen atoms is performed. From the calculations, it is confirmed that a BH pair is electrically inert. It is found that boron can bind two H atoms. The resulting BH2 complex is a donor with a transition level estimated at E c–0.24 eV. Experimentally, the electrically active defects in n-type Czochralski-grown Si crystals co-doped with phosphorus and boron, into which hydrogen is introduced by different methods, are investigated using junction capacitance techniques. In the deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) spectra of hydrogenated Si:P + B crystals subjected to heat-treatments at 100 °C under reverse bias, an electron emission signal with an activation energy of ≈0.175 eV is detected. The trap is a donor with electronic properties close to those predicted for boron–dihydrogen. The donor character of BH2 suggests that it can be a very efficient recombination center of minority carriers in B-doped p-type Si crystals. A sequence of boron–hydrogen reactions, which can be related to the LeTID effect in Si:B is proposed.