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Author: Agemar, Thorsten Ă— Has files: Yes Ă—

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    Deep Geothermal Energy Production in Germany
    (Basel : MDPI, 2014) Agemar, Thorsten; Weber, Josef; Schulz, RĂ¼diger
    Germany uses its low enthalpy hydrothermal resources predominantly for balneological applications, space and district heating, but also for power production. The German Federal government supports the development of geothermal energy in terms of project funding, market incentives and credit offers, as well as a feed-in tariff for geothermal electricity. Although new projects for district heating take on average six years, geothermal energy utilisation is growing rapidly, especially in southern Germany. From 2003 to 2013, the annual production of geothermal district heating stations increased from 60 GWh to 530 GWh. In the same time, the annual power production increased from 0 GWh to 36 GWh. Currently, almost 200 geothermal facilities are in operation or under construction in Germany. A feasibility study including detailed geological site assessment is still essential when planning a new geothermal facility. As part of this assessment, a lot of geological data, hydraulic data, and subsurface temperatures can be retrieved from the geothermal information system GeotIS, which can be accessed online [1].
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    Assessment and Public Reporting of Geothermal Resources in Germany: Review and Outlook
    (Basel : MDPI, 2018) Agemar, Thorsten; Weber, Josef; Moeck, Inga S.
    Any geothermal resource assessment requires consistent and widely accepted terminology, methods, and reporting schemes that facilitate the comparison of geothermal resource estimates. This paper reviews common resource assessment methods, as well as reporting codes and terminology. Based on a rigorous analysis of the portrayed concepts and methods, it discusses the appropriateness of the existing reporting codes for sustainable utilization of geothermal resources in Germany. Since the last quantitative geothermal resource assessment in Germany was done 15 years ago, a revised report is overdue. Unlike fossil energy commodities, geothermal energy replenishes naturally and heat recuperation increases in created heat sinks. This replenishment process offers the opportunity for sustainable reservoir management in the case of moderate production rates or cyclic operation. Existing reporting codes, however, regard geothermal resources in a similar way to fossil resources or focus too much on field development rather than on the whole assessment process. In order to emphasize the renewability of geothermal energy, we propose the reporting of geothermal capacities (per doublet or per km2) instead of recoverable heat energy which depends very much on project lifetime and other factors. As a first step, a new classification scheme for geothermal resources and reserves is outlined.
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    Geothermal potential of the Buntsandstein and Keuper aquifers in NE Bavaria with a focus on deep thermal aquifer storage
    (Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2019-9-26) Kunkel, Cindy; Agemar, Thorsten; Stober, Ingrid
    Intermediate and deep geothermal resources of Germany are limited to medium and low enthalpy resources. These resources are predominantly used for balneological applications, space and district heating and for power production at nine separate sites. This study focuses on confined aquifers in northeast Bavaria, which can be used for balneology as well as energy storage. Data from pumping tests and production data were interpreted to map the hydraulic conductivity of the main Keuper and Buntsandstein aquifers with a large spatial distribution for geothermal applications deeper than 100 m. Furthermore, temperature estimates as well as the depth of the two aquifers (Keuper 100 to 650 m, Buntsandstein 100 to 1400 m) are incorporated. The results will be visualized in the form of spatial distribution maps of the hydraulic conductivity and temperature, and will be integrated into the geothermal information system GeotIS (https://www.geotis.de). Altogether, about 80% of all 243 sampling sites show hydraulic conductivity values sufficient for geothermal energy utilization. For the Keuper aquifer, even 90% of all 155 sampling sites show transmissivities sufficient for geothermal energy utilization. However, these maps do not replace a feasibility study for specific geothermal projects because detailed geological site assessment is essential when planning a subsurface geothermal system.