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Author: Alfonsi, Lucilla × DDC: 550 ×

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    Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace
    (Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V, 2022) Alfonsi, Lucilla; Bergeot, Nicolas; Cilliers, Pierre J.; De Franceschi, Giorgiana; Baddeley, Lisa; Correia, Emilia; Di Mauro, Domenico; Enell, Carl-Fredrik; Engebretson, Mark; Ghoddousi-Fard, Reza; Häggström, Ingemar; Ham, Young-bae; Heygster, Georg; Jee, Geonhwa; Kero, Antti; Kosch, Michael; Kwon, Hyuck-Jin; Lee, Changsup; Lotz, Stefan; Macotela, Liliana; Marcucci, Maria Federica; Miloch, Wojciech J.; Morton, Y. Jade; Naoi, Takahiro; Negusini, Monia; Partamies, Noora; Petkov, Boyan H.; Pottiaux, Eric; Prikryl, Paul; Shreedevi, P.R.; Slapak, Rikard; Spogli, Luca; Stephenson, Judy; Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M.; Troshichev, Oleg A.; Van Malderen, Roeland; Weygand, James M.; Zou, Shasha
    The Antarctic and Arctic regions are Earth's open windows to outer space. They provide unique opportunities for investigating the troposphere–thermosphere–ionosphere–plasmasphere system at high latitudes, which is not as well understood as the mid- and low-latitude regions mainly due to the paucity of experimental observations. In addition, different neutral and ionised atmospheric layers at high latitudes are much more variable compared to lower latitudes, and their variability is due to mechanisms not yet fully understood. Fortunately, in this new millennium the observing infrastructure in Antarctica and the Arctic has been growing, thus providing scientists with new opportunities to advance our knowledge on the polar atmosphere and geospace. This review shows that it is of paramount importance to perform integrated, multi-disciplinary research, making use of long-term multi-instrument observations combined with ad hoc measurement campaigns to improve our capability of investigating atmospheric dynamics in the polar regions from the troposphere up to the plasmasphere, as well as the coupling between atmospheric layers. Starting from the state of the art of understanding the polar atmosphere, our survey outlines the roadmap for enhancing scientific investigation of its physical mechanisms and dynamics through the full exploitation of the available infrastructures for radio-based environmental monitoring.
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    The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar
    (Berlin ; Heidelberg : SpringerOpen, 2015) McCrea, Ian; Aikio, Anita; Alfonsi, Lucilla; Belova, Evgenia; Buchert, Stephan; Clilverd, Mark; Engler, Norbert; Gustavsson, Björn; Heinselman, Craig; Kero, Johan; Kosch, Mike; Lamy, Hervé; Leyser, Thomas; Ogawa, Yasunobu; Oksavik, Kjellmar; Pellinen-Wannberg, Asta; Pitout, Frederic; Rapp, Markus; Stanislawska, Iwona; Vierinen, Juha
    The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the EISCAT UHF and VHF radar systems) and on Svalbard (the electronically scanning radar ESR (EISCAT Svalbard Radar) for studies of the high-latitude ionised upper atmosphere (the ionosphere). The mainland radars were constructed about 30 years ago, based on technological solutions of that time. The science drivers of today, however, require a more flexible instrument, which allows measurements to be made from the troposphere to the topside ionosphere and gives the measured parameters in three dimensions, not just along a single radar beam. The possibility for continuous operation is also an essential feature. To facilitatefuture science work with a world-leading IS radar facility, planning of a new radar system started first with an EU-funded Design Study (2005–2009) and has continued with a follow-up EU FP7 EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase project (2010–2014). The radar facility will be realised by using phased arrays, and a key aspect is the use of advanced software and data processing techniques. This type of software radar will act as a pathfinder for other facilities worldwide. The new radar facility will enable the EISCAT_3D science community to address new, significant science questions as well as to serve society, which is increasingly dependent on space-based technology and issues related to space weather. The location of the radar within the auroral oval and at the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex is also ideal for studies of the long-term variability in the atmosphere and global change. This paper is a summary of the EISCAT_3D science case, which was prepared as part of the EU-funded Preparatory Phase project for the new facility. Three science working groups, drawn from the EISCAT user community, participated in preparing this document. In addition to these working group members, who are listed as authors, thanks are due to many others in the EISCAT scientific community for useful contributions, discussions, and support.