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Author: Ammon, Christian × Author: Brunsch, Reiner × End date: 2019 × DDC: 630 ×

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    Awassi sheep keeping in the Arabic steppe in relation to nitrous oxide emission from soil
    (Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2013) Hijazi, Omar; Berg, Werner; Moussa, Samouil; Ammon, Christian; von Bobrutzki, Kristina; Brunsch, Reiner
    Sheep husbandry is the main source of income for farmers in arid zones. Increasing sheep production on steppes may increase the greenhouse gas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the steppes for Awassi sheep keeping and feed cropping in arid zones such as Syria. The methodology developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used to estimate N2O emissions. A survey was conducted on 64 farms in Syria to gather data for analysis. Precipitation and crop yield data from 2001 to 2009 were also used for calculation and modelling. Sheep-keeping systems, precipitation, year and the region have significant effects on N2O emissions (p<0.05). Emissions of N2O from lands with extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems were 0.30 ± 0.093, 0.598± 0.113 and 2.243± 0.187 kg sheep1year1, respectively. Crop production was higher in regions with high precipitation levels, which helped to reduce N2O emissions. Using more residuals of wheat, cotton and soya as feed for sheep in the keeping systems evaluated may decrease the overuse of steppe regions and N2O emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions of N2O from sheep-keeping areas can be reduced by changing sheep-keeping systems and increasing the crop production in arid zones through artificial irrigation.
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    Viertelindividuelle Vakuumapplikation für moderne Melksysteme
    (Darmstadt : KTBL, 2012) Ströbel, Ulrich; Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra; Hoffmann, Gundula; Ammon, Christian; Amon, Thomas; Brunsch, Reiner
    Durch den Einsatz von viertelindividueller Melktechnik können die Bedingungen für Melkpersonal und Kühe erheblich verbessert werden. Die getrennte Schlauchführung für die Milch aus den vier Eutervierteln bietet deutliche Vorteile für die technische Weiterentwicklung dieser Melksysteme. Im Folgenden wird der Prototyp eines viertelindividuellen Melksystems mit Vakuumregelungseinheit vorgestellt, der eine milchflussabhängige, präzise Vakuumanpassung für jedes Euterviertel, verbunden mit einer hohen Rate von Sollwert-Istwert-Abgleichen durch die Regelungseinheit, ermöglicht.
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    Comparison of the effects of quarter-individual and conventional milking systems on milkability traits
    (München : European Geopyhsical Union, 2011) Müller, Anika B.; Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra; Ammon, Christian; Brunsch, Reiner
    This study was carried out to investigate a new quarter-individual milking system called MultiLactor® (Siliconform GmbH, Türkheim, Germany). The MultiLactor enables milking on quarter level basis with low vacuum (37 kPa), sequential pulsation and periodic air inlet. Within the same dairy farm, the influence of this quarter-individual milking system (MULTI) on milkability traits was compared with a conventional milking system (CON). CON was equipped with a conventional milking cluster and used alternating pulsation. Vacuum level was adjusted to 40 kPa. For the study, 84 Holstein Friesian cows were randomly selected and uniformly divided into two herds. During the 30-week survey, the milk flow curves were recorded every other week by using a LactoCorder (WMB, Balgach, Switzerland). Significant differences (P<0.05) between both milking systems were found for all milk flow traits, except for milk yield and decline phase. Concerning the incline (tAN) and plateau (tPL) phase, large differences existed between MULTI and CON. The estimated value of tAN calculated for MULTI (29.4 s) took only half of the time when calculated for CON (56.4 s). The estimated value of tPL at CON was reduced by 1.43 min (35 %) compared to MULTI. Milking process at MULTI (8.49 min) took longer time than for CON (7.43 min). From the study, it was concluded that the effect of shorter tAN in the quarter-individual milked cows may be related to additional prestimulation by an actuator. In contrast, the longer milking time in MULTI is possibly caused by lower vacuum level and periodic air inlet.