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    Abundance-age relations with red clump stars in open clusters
    (Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2021) Casamiquela, L.; Soubiran, C.; Jofré, P.; Chiappini, C.; Lagarde, N.; Tarricq, Y.; Carrera, R.; Jordi, C.; Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.
    Context. Precise chemical abundances coupled with reliable ages are key ingredients to understanding the chemical history of our Galaxy. Open clusters (OCs) are useful for this purpose because they provide ages with good precision. Aims. The aim of this work is to investigate the relation between different chemical abundance ratios and age traced by red clump (RC) stars in OCs. Methods. We analyzed a large sample of 209 reliable members in 47 OCs with available high-resolution spectroscopy. We applied a differential line-by-line analysis, performing a comprehensive chemical study of 25 chemical species. This sample is among the largest samples of OCs homogeneously characterized in terms of atmospheric parameters, detailed chemistry, and age. Results. In our metallicity range (-0.2 < [M/H] < +0.2) we find that while most Fe-peak and α elements show a flat dependence on age, the s-process elements show a decreasing trend with increasing age with a remarkable knee at 1 Gyr. For Ba, Ce, Y, Mo, and Zr, we find a plateau at young ages (< 1 Gyr). We investigate the relations between all possible combinations among the computed chemical species and age. We find 19 combinations with significant slopes, including [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al]. The ratio [Ba/α] shows the most significant correlation. Conclusions. We find that the [Y/Mg] relation found in the literature using solar twins is compatible with the one found here in the solar neighborhood. The age-abundance relations in clusters at large distances(d > 1 kpc) show larger scatter than those in clusters in the solar neighborhood, particularly in the outer disk. We conclude that, in addition to pure nucleosynthetic arguments, the complexity of the chemical space introduced by the Galactic dynamics must be taken into account in order to understand these relations, especially outside of the local bubble. © L. Casamiquela et al. 2021.
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    Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)
    (Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2022) Klioner, S.A.; Lindegren, L.; Mignard, F.; Hernández, J.; Ramos-Lerate, M.; Bastian, U.; Biermann, M.; Bombrun, A.; De Torres, A.; Gerlach, E.; Geyer, R.; Fraile, E.; Garabato, D.; García-Lario, P.; Gosset, E.; Haigron, R.; Halbwachs, J.-L.; Hambly, N.C.; Harrison, D.L.; Hestroffer, D.; Hodgkin, S.T.; Hilger, T.; Holl, B.; Janben, K.; Jevardat De Fombelle, G.; Jordan, S.; Krone-Martins, A.; Lanzafame, A.C.; Löffler, W.; Marchal, O.; Marrese, P.M.; Moitinho, A.; Hobbs, D.; Muinonen, K.; Osborne, P.; Pancino, E.; Pauwels, T.; Recio-Blanco, A.; Reylé, C.; Riello, M.; Rimoldini, L.; Roegiers, T.; Rybizki, J.; Lammers, U.L.; Sarro, L.M.; Siopis, C.; Smith, M.; Sozzetti, A.; Utrilla, E.; Van Leeuwen, M.; Abbas, U.; Ábrahám, P.; Abreu Aramburu, A.; Aerts, C.; McMillan, P.J.; Aguado, J.J.; Ajaj, M.; Aldea-Montero, F.; Altavilla, G.; Álvarez, M.A.; Alves, J.; Anderson, R.I.; Anglada Varela, E.; Antoja, T.; Baines, D.; Steidelmüller, H.; Baker, S.G.; Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Balbinot, E.; Balog, Z.; Barache, C.; Barbato, D.; Barros, M.; Barstow, M.A.; Bassilana, J.-L.; Bauchet, N.; Teyssier, D.; Becciani, U.; Bellazzini, M.; Berihuete, A.; Bertone, S.; Bianchi, L.; Binnenfeld, A.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Boch, T.; Bossini, D.; Bouquillon, S.; Raiteri, C.M.; Bragaglia, A.; Bramante, L.; Breedt, E.; Bressan, A.; Brouillet, N.; Brugaletta, E.; Bucciarelli, B.; Burlacu, A.; Butkevich, A.G.; Buzzi, R.; Bartolomé, S.; Caffau, E.; Cancelliere, R.; Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Carballo, R.; Carlucci, T.; Carnerero, M.I.; Carrasco, J.M.; Casamiquela, L.; Castellani, M.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Bernet, M.; Chaoul, L.; Charlot, P.; Chemin, L.; Chiaramida, V.; Chiavassa, A.; Chornay, N.; Comoretto, G.; Contursi, G.; Cooper, W.J.; Cornez, T.; Castañeda, J.; Cowell, S.; Crifo, F.; Cropper, M.; Crosta, M.; Crowley, C.; Dafonte, C.; Dapergolas, A.; David, P.; De Laverny, P.; De Luise, F.; Clotet, M.; De March, R.; De Ridder, J.; De Souza, R.; Del Peloso, E.F.; Del Pozo, E.; Delbo, M.; Delgado, A.; Delisle, J.-B.; Demouchy, C.; Dharmawardena, T.E.; Davidson, M.; Diakite, S.; Diener, C.; Distefano, E.; Dolding, C.; Enke, H.; Fabre, C.; Fabrizio, M.; Faigler, S.; Fedorets, G.; Fernique, P.; Fabricius, C.; Fienga, A.; Figueras, F.; Fournier, Y.; Fouron, C.; Fragkoudi, F.; Gai, M.; Garcia-Gutierrez, A.; Garcia-Reinaldos, M.; García-Torres, M.; Garofalo, A.; Garralda Torres, N.; Gavel, A.; Gavras, P.; Giacobbe, P.; Gilmore, G.; Girona, S.; Giuffrida, G.; Gomel, R.; Gomez, A.; González-Núñez, J.; González-Santamaría, I.; González-Vidal, J.J.; Granvik, M.; Guillout, P.; Guiraud, J.; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.; Guy, L.P.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Hauser, M.; Haywood, M.; Helmer, A.; Helmi, A.; Portell, J.; Sarmiento, M.H.; Hidalgo, S.L.; Hładczuk, N.; Holland, G.; Huckle, H.E.; Jardine, K.; Jasniewicz, G.; Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A.; Jiménez-Arranz, O.; Juaristi Campillo, J.; Rowell, N.; Julbe, F.; Karbevska, L.; Kervella, P.; Khanna, S.; Kordopatis, G.; Korn, A.J.; Kóspál, A.; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; Kruszyńska, K.; Kun, M.; Torra, F.; Laizeau, P.; Lambert, S.; Lanza, A.F.; Lasne, Y.; Le Campion, J.-F.; Lebreton, Y.; Lebzelter, T.; Leccia, S.; Leclerc, N.; Lecoeur-Taibi, I.; Torra, J.; Liao, S.; Licata, E.L.; Lindstrøm, H.E.P.; Lister, T.A.; Livanou, E.; Lobel, A.; Lorca, A.; Loup, C.; Madrero Pardo, P.; Magdaleno Romeo, A.; Brown, A.G.A.; Managau, S.; Mann, R.G.; Manteiga, M.; Marchant, J.M.; Marconi, M.; Marcos, J.; Santos, M. M. S. Marcos; Marín Pina, D.; Marinoni, S.; Marocco, F.; Vallenari, A.; Marshall, D.J.; Polo, L. Martin; Martín-Fleitas, J.M.; Marton, G.; Mary, N.; Masip, A.; Massari, D.; Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.; Mazeh, T.; Messina, S.; Prusti, T.; Michalik, D.; Millar, N.R.; Mints, A.; Molina, D.; Molinaro, R.; Molnár, L.; Monari, G.; Monguió, M.; Montegriffo, P.; Montero, A.; De Bruijne, J.H.J.; Mor, R.; Mora, A.; Morbidelli, R.; Morel, T.; Morris, D.; Muraveva, T.; Murphy, C.P.; Musella, I.; Nagy, Z.; Noval, L.; Arenou, F.; Ocaña, F.; Ogden, A.; Ordenovic, C.; Osinde, J.O.; Pagani, C.; Pagano, I.; Palaversa, L.; Palicio, P.A.; Pallas-Quintela, L.; Panahi, A.; Babusiaux, C.; Payne-Wardenaar, S.; Peñalosa Esteller, X.; Penttilä, A.; Pichon, B.; Piersimoni, A.M.; Pineau, F.-X.; Plachy, E.; Plum, G.; Poggio, E.; Prša, A.; Creevey, O.L.; Pulone, L.; Racero, E.; Ragaini, S.; Rainer, M.; Rambaux, N.; Ramos, P.; Re Fiorentin, P.; Regibo, S.; Richards, P.J.; Diaz, C. Rios; Ducourant, C.; Ripepi, V.; Riva, A.; Rix, H.-W.; Rixon, G.; Robichon, N.; Robin, A.C.; Robin, C.; Roelens, M.; Rogues, H.R.O.; Rohrbasser, L.; Evans, D.W.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Royer, F.; Ruz Mieres, D.; Rybicki, K.A.; Sadowski, G.; Sáez Núñez, A.; Sagristà Sellés, A.; Sahlmann, J.; Salguero, E.; Samaras, N.; Eyer, L.; Sanchez Gimenez, V.; Sanna, N.; Santoveña, R.; Sarasso, M.; Schultheis, M.; Sciacca, E.; Segol, M.; Segovia, J.C.; Ségransan, D.; Semeux, D.; Guerra, R.; Shahaf, S.; Siddiqui, H.I.; Siebert, A.; Siltala, L.; Silvelo, A.; Slezak, E.; Slezak, I.; Smart, R.L.; Snaith, O.N.; Solano, E.; Hutton, A.; Solitro, F.; Souami, D.; Souchay, J.; Spagna, A.; Spina, L.; Spoto, F.; Steele, I.A.; Stephenson, C.A.; Süveges, M.; Surdej, J.; Jordi, C.; Szabados, L.; Szegedi-Elek, E.; Taris, F.; Taylor, M.B.; Teixeira, R.; Tolomei, L.; Tonello, N.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Trabucchi, M.; Tsounis, A.T.; Luri, X.; Turon, C.; Ulla, A.; Unger, N.; Vaillant, M.V.; Van Dillen, E.; Van Reeven, W.; Vanel, O.; Vecchiato, A.; Viala, Y.; Vicente, D.; Panem, C.; Voutsinas, S.; Weiler, M.; Wevers, T.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Yoldas, A.; Yvard, P.; Zhao, H.; Zorec, J.; Zucker, S.; Zwitter, T.; Pourbaix, D.; Randich, S.; Sartoretti, P.; Soubiran, C.; Tanga, P.; Walton, N.A.; Bailer-Jones, C.A.L.; Drimmel, R.; Jansen, F.; Katz, D.; Lattanzi, M.G.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Bakker, J.; Cacciari, C.; De Angeli, F.; Fouesneau, M.; Frémat, Y.; Galluccio, L.; Guerrier, A.; Heiter, U.; Masana, E.; Messineo, R.; Mowlavi, N.; Nicolas, C.; Nienartowicz, K.; Pailler, F.; Panuzzo, P.; Riclet, F.; Roux, W.; Seabroke, G.M.; Sordo, R.; Thévenin, F.; Gracia-Abril, G.; Altmann, M.; Andrae, R.; Audard, M.; Bellas-Velidis, I.; Benson, K.; Berthier, J.; Blomme, R.; Burgess, P.W.; Busonero, D.; Busso, G.; Cánovas, H.; Carry, B.; Cellino, A.; Cheek, N.; Clementini, G.; Damerdji, Y.; De Teodoro, P.; Nuñez Campos, M.; Delchambre, L.; Dell'Oro, A.; Esquej, P.; Fernández-Hernández, J.
    Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 μas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution.