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- ItemThe European Solar Telescope(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2022) Quintero Noda, C.; Schlichenmaier, R.; Bellot Rubio, L.R.; Löfdahl, M.G.; Khomenko, E.; Jurčák, J.; Leenaarts, J.; Kuckein, C.; González Manrique, S.J.; Gunár, S.; Nelson, C.J.; Giovannelli, L.; González, F.; González, J.B.; González-Cava, J.M.; González García, M.; Gömöry, P.; Gracia, F.; Grauf, B.; Greco, V.; Grivel, C.; de la Cruz Rodríguez, J.; Guerreiro, N.; Guglielmino, S.L.; Hammerschlag, R.; Hanslmeier, A.; Hansteen, V.; Heinzel, P.; Hernández-Delgado, A.; Hernández Suárez, E.; Hidalgo, S.L.; Hill, F.; Tziotziou, K.; Hizberger, J.; Hofmeister, S.; Jägers, A.; Janett, G.; Jarolim, R.; Jess, D.; Jiménez Mejías, D.; Jolissaint, L.; Kamlah, R.; Kapitán, J.; Tsiropoula, G.; Kašparová, J.; Keller, C.U.; Kentischer, T.; Kiselman, D.; Kleint, L.; Klvana, M.; Kontogiannis, I.; Krishnappa, N.; Kučera, A.; Labrosse, N.; Aulanier, G.; Lagg, A.; Landi Degl’Innocenti, E.; Langlois, M.; Lafon, M.; Laforgue, D.; Le Men, C.; Lepori, B.; Lepreti, F.; Lindberg, B.; Lilje, P.B.; Aboudarham, J.; López Ariste, A.; López Fernández, V.A.; López Jiménez, A.C.; López López, R.; Manso Sainz, R.; Marassi, A.; Marco de la Rosa, J.; Marino, J.; Marrero, J.; Martín, A.; Allegri, D.; Martín Gálvez, A.; Martín Hernando, Y.; Masciadri, E.; Martínez González, M.; Matta-Gómez, A.; Mato, A.; Mathioudakis, M.; Matthews, S.; Mein, P.; Merlos García, F.; Alsina Ballester, E.; Moity, J.; Montilla, I.; Molinaro, M.; Molodij, G.; Montoya, L.M.; Munari, M.; Murabito, M.; Núñez Cagigal, M.; Oliviero, M.; Orozco Suárez, D.; Amans, J.P.; Ortiz, A.; Padilla-Hernández, C.; Paéz Mañá, E.; Paletou, F.; Pancorbo, J.; Pastor Cañedo, A.; Pastor Yabar, A.; Peat, A.W.; Pedichini, F.; Peixinho, N.; Asensio Ramos, A.; Peñate, J.; Pérez de Taoro, A.; Peter, H.; Petrovay, K.; Piazzesi, R.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pleier, O.; Poedts, S.; Pötzi, W.; Podladchikova, T.; Bailén, F.J.; Prieto, G.; Quintero Nehrkorn, J.; Ramelli, R.; Ramos Sapena, Y.; Rasilla, J.L.; Reardon, K.; Rebolo, R.; Regalado Olivares, S.; Reyes García-Talavera, M.; Riethmüller, T.L.; Balaguer, M.; Rimmele, T.; Rodríguez Delgado, H.; Rodríguez González, N.; Rodríguez-Losada, J.A.; Rodríguez Ramos, L.F.; Romano, P.; Roth, M.; Rouppe van der Voort, L.; Rudawy, P.; Ruiz de Galarreta, C.; Baldini, V.; Rybák, J.; Salvade, A.; Sánchez-Capuchino, J.; Sánchez Rodríguez, M.L.; Sangiorgi, M.; Sayède, F.; Scharmer, G.; Scheiffelen, T.; Schmidt, W.; Schmieder, B.; Balthasar, H.; Scirè, C.; Scuderi, S.; Siegel, B.; Sigwarth, M.; Simões, P.J.A.; Snik, F.; Sliepen, G.; Sobotka, M.; Socas-Navarro, H.; Sola La Serna, P.; Barata, T.; Solanki, S. K.; Soler Trujillo, M.; Soltau, D.; Sordini, A.; Sosa Méndez, A.; Stangalini, M.; Steiner, O.; Stenflo, J.O.; Štěpán, J.; Strassmeier, K.G.; Barczynski, K.; Sudar, D.; Suematsu, Y.; Sütterlin, P.; Tallon, M.; Temmer, M.; Tenegi, F.; Tritschler, A.; Trujillo Bueno, J.; Turchi, A.; Utz, D.; Barreto Cabrera, M.; van Harten, G.; van Noort, M.; van Werkhoven, T.; Vansintjan, R.; Vaz Cedillo, J.J.; Vega Reyes, N.; Verma, M.; Veronig, A.M.; Viavattene, G.; Vitas, N.; Baur, A.; Vögler, A.; von der Lühe, O.; Volkmer, R.; Waldmann, T.A.; Walton, D.; Wisniewska, A.; Zeman, J.; Zeuner, F.; Zhang, L.Q.; Zuccarello, F.; Béchet, C.; Collados, M.; Beck, C.; Belío-Asín, M.; Bello-González, N.; Belluzzi, L.; Bentley, R.D.; Berdyugina, S.V.; Berghmans, D.; Berlicki, A.; Berrilli, F.; Berkefeld, T.; Bettonvil, F.; Bianda, M.; Bienes Pérez, J.; Bonaque-González, S.; Brajša, R.; Bommier, V.; Bourdin, P.-A.; Burgos Martín, J.; Calchetti, D.; Calcines, A.; Calvo Tovar, J.; Campbell, R.J.; Carballo-Martín, Y.; Carbone, V.; Carlin, E.S.; Carlsson, M.; Castro López, J.; Cavaller, L.; Cavallini, F.; Cauzzi, G.; Cecconi, M.; Chulani, H.M.; Cirami, R.; Consolini, G.; Coretti, I.; Cosentino, R.; Cózar-Castellano, J.; Dalmasse, K.; Danilovic, S.; De Juan Ovelar, M.; Del Moro, D.; del Pino Alemán, T.; del Toro Iniesta, J. C.; Denker, C.; Dhara, S.K.; Di Marcantonio, P.; Díaz Baso, C.J.; Diercke, A.; Dineva, E.; Díaz-García, J.J.; Doerr, H.-P.; Doyle, G.; Erdelyi, R.; Ermolli, I.; Escobar Rodríguez, A.; Esteban Pozuelo, S.; Faurobert, M.; Felipe, T.; Feller, A.; Feijoo Amoedo, N.; Femenía Castellá, B.; Fernandes, J.; Ferro Rodríguez, I.; Figueroa, I.; Fletcher, L.; Franco Ordovas, A.; Gafeira, R.; Gardenghi, R.; Gelly, B.; Giorgi, F.; Gisler, D.The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l'Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems.
- ItemThe Sunrise Mission(Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media, 2010) Barthol, P.; Gandorfer, A.; Solanki, S.K.; Schüssler, M.; Chares, B.; Curdt, W.; Deutsch, W.; Feller, A.; Germerott, D.; Grauf, B.; Heerlein, K.; Hirzberger, J.; Kolleck, M.; Meller, R.; Müller, R.; Riethmüller, T.L.; Tomasch, G.; Knölker, M.; Lites, B.W.; Card, G.; Elmore, D.; Fox, J.; Lecinski, A.; Nelson, P.; Summers, R.; Watt, A.; Martínez Pillet, V.; Bonet, J.A.; Schmidt, W.; Berkefeld, T.; Title, A.M.; Domingo, V.; Gasent Blesa, J.L.; del Toro, Iniesta, J.C.; López Jiménez, A.; Álvarez-Herrero, A.; Sabau-Graziati, L.; Widani, C.; Haberler, P.; Härtel, K.; Kampf, D.; Levin, T.; Pérez Grande, I.; Sanz-Andrés, A.; Schmidt, E.The first science flight of the balloon-borne Sunrise telescope took place in June 2009 from ESRANGE (near Kiruna/Sweden) to Somerset Island in northern Canada. We describe the scientific aims and mission concept of the project and give an overview and a description of the various hardware components: the 1-m main telescope with its postfocus science instruments (the UV filter imager SuFI and the imaging vector magnetograph IMaX) and support instruments (image stabilizing and light distribution system ISLiD and correlating wavefront sensor CWS), the optomechanical support structure and the instrument mounting concept, the gondola structure and the power, pointing, and telemetry systems, and the general electronics architecture. We also explain the optimization of the structural and thermal design of the complete payload. The preparations for the science flight are described, including AIV and ground calibration of the instruments. The course of events during the science flight is outlined, up to the recovery activities. Finally, the in-flight performance of the instrumentation is discussed. © 2010 The Author(s).
- ItemThe Wave-Front Correction System for the Sunrise Balloon-Borne Solar Observatory(Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media, 2010) Berkefeld, T.; Schmidt, W.; Soltau, D.; Bell, A.; Doerr, H.P.; Feger, B.; Friedlein, R.; Gerber, K.; Heidecke, F.; Kentischer, T.; von der Lühe, O.; Sigwarth, M.; Wälde, E.; Barthol, P.; Deutsch, W.; Gandorfer, A.; Germerott, D.; Grauf, B.; Meller, R.; Álvarez-Herrero, A.; Knölker, M.; Pillet, V.M.; Solanki, S.K.; Title, A.M.This paper describes the wave-front correction system developed for the Sunrise balloon telescope, and it provides information about its in-flight performance. For the correction of low-order aberrations, a Correlating Wave-Front Sensor (CWS) was used. It consisted of a six-element Shack - Hartmann wave-front sensor (WFS), a fast tip-tilt mirror for the compensation of image motion, and an active telescope secondary mirror for focus correction. The CWS delivered a stabilized image with a precision of 0.04 arcsec (rms), whenever the coarse pointing was better than ± 45 arcsec peak-to-peak. The automatic focus adjustment maintained a focus stability of 0.01 waves in the focal plane of the CWS. During the 5.5 day flight, good image quality and stability were achieved during 33 hours, containing 45 sequences, which lasted between 10 and 45 min. © 2010 The Author(s).
- ItemThe Filter Imager SuFI and the Image Stabilization and Light Distribution System ISLiD of the Sunrise Balloon-Borne Observatory: Instrument Description(Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media, 2011) Gandorfer, A.; Grauf, B.; Barthol, P.; Riethmüller, T.L.; Solanki, S.K.; Chares, B.; Deutsch, W.; Ebert, S.; Feller, A.; Germerott, D.; Heerlein, K.; Heinrichs, J.; Hirche, D.; Hirzberger, J.; Kolleck, M.; Meller, R.; Müller, R.; Schäfer, R.; Tomasch, G.; Knölker, M.; Martínez Pillet, V.; Bonet, J.A.; Schmidt, W.; Berkefeld, T.; Feger, B.; Heidecke, F.; Soltau, D.; Tischenberg, A.; Fischer, A.; Title, A.; Anwand, H.; Schmidt, E.We describe the design of the Sunrise Filter Imager (SuFI) and the Image Stabilization and Light Distribution (ISLiD) unit onboard the Sunrise balloon borne solar observatory. This contribution provides the necessary information which is relevant to understand the instruments' working principles, the relevant technical data, and the necessary information about calibration issues directly related to the science data. © 2010 The Author(s).