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- ItemThe 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology(Bristol : IOP Publ., 2022) Adamovich, I.; Agarwal, S.; Ahedo, E.; Alves, L.L.; Baalrud, S.; Babaeva, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Bourdon, A.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Canal, C.; Choi, E.H.; Coulombe, S.; Donkó, Z.; Graves, D.B.; Hamaguchi, S.; Hegemann, D.; Hori, M.; Kim, H.-H.; Kroesen, G.M.W.; Kushner, M.J.; Laricchiuta, A.; Li, X.; Magin, T.E.; Mededovic Thagard, S.; Miller, V.; Murphy, A.B.; Oehrlein, G.S.; Puac, N.; Sankaran, R.M.; Samukawa, S.; Shiratani, M.; Šimek, M.; Tarasenko, N.; Terashima, K.; Thomas Jr, E.; Trieschmann, J.; Tsikata, S.; Turner, M.M.; Van Der Walt, I.J.; Van De Sanden, M.C.M.; Von Woedtke, T.The 2022 Roadmap is the next update in the series of Plasma Roadmaps published by Journal of Physics D with the intent to identify important outstanding challenges in the field of low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics and technology. The format of the Roadmap is the same as the previous Roadmaps representing the visions of 41 leading experts representing 21 countries and five continents in the various sub-fields of LTP science and technology. In recognition of the evolution in the field, several new topics have been introduced or given more prominence. These new topics and emphasis highlight increased interests in plasma-enabled additive manufacturing, soft materials, electrification of chemical conversions, plasma propulsion, extreme plasma regimes, plasmas in hypersonics, data-driven plasma science and technology and the contribution of LTP to combat COVID-19. In the last few decades, LTP science and technology has made a tremendously positive impact on our society. It is our hope that this roadmap will help continue this excellent track record over the next 5-10 years.
- ItemNumerical analysis of the effect of nitrogen and oxygen admixtures on the chemistry of an argon plasma jet operating at atmospheric pressure([London] : IOP, 2015) Van Gaens, W.; Iseni, S.; Schmidt-Bleker, A.; Weltmann, K.-D.; Reuter, S.; Bogaerts, A.In this paper we study the cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet, called kinpen, operating in Ar with different admixture fractions up to 1% pure ${{{\rm N}}_{2}}$, ${{{\rm O}}_{2}}$ and ${{{\rm N}}_{2}}$ + ${{{\rm O}}_{2}}$. Moreover, the device is operating with a gas curtain of dry air. The absolute net production rates of the biologically active ozone (${{{\rm O}}_{3}}$) and nitrogen dioxide (${\rm N}{{{\rm O}}_{2}}$) species are measured in the far effluent by quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared. Additionally, a zero-dimensional semi-empirical reaction kinetics model is used to calculate the net production rates of these reactive molecules, which are compared to the experimental data. The latter model is applied throughout the entire plasma jet, starting already within the device itself. Very good qualitative and even quantitative agreement between the calculated and measured data is demonstrated. The numerical model thus yields very useful information about the chemical pathways of both the ${{{\rm O}}_{3}}$ and the ${\rm N}{{{\rm O}}_{2}}$ generation. It is shown that the production of these species can be manipulated by up to one order of magnitude by varying the amount of admixture or the admixture type, since this affects the electron kinetics significantly at these low concentration levels.
- ItemChemical fingerprints of cold physical plasmas – an experimental and computational study using cysteine as tracer compound([London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 2018-5-16) Lackmann, J.-W.; Wende, K.; Verlackt, C.; Golda, J.; Volzke, J.; Kogelheide, F.; Held, J.; Bekeschus, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Schulz-von der Gathen, V.; Stapelmann, K.Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species released by cold physical plasma are being proposed as effectors in various clinical conditions connected to inflammatory processes. As these plasmas can be tailored in a wide range, models to compare and control their biochemical footprint are desired to infer on the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects and to enable the discrimination between different plasma sources. Here, an improved model to trace short-lived reactive species is presented. Using FTIR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics computational simulation, covalent modifications of cysteine treated with different plasmas were deciphered and the respective product pattern used to generate a fingerprint of each plasma source. Such, our experimental model allows a fast and reliable grading of the chemical potential of plasmas used for medical purposes. Major reaction products were identified to be cysteine sulfonic acid, cystine, and cysteine fragments. Less-abundant products, such as oxidized cystine derivatives or S-nitrosylated cysteines, were unique to different plasma sources or operating conditions. The data collected point at hydroxyl radicals, atomic O, and singlet oxygen as major contributing species that enable an impact on cellular thiol groups when applying cold plasma in vitro or in vivo.
- ItemEffect of head group and lipid tail oxidation in the cell membrane revealed through integrated simulations and experiments([London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 2017-7-18) Yusupov, M.; Wende, K.; Kupsch, S.; Neyts, E. C.; Reuter, S.; Bogaerts, A.We report on multi-level atomistic simulations for the interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the head groups of the phospholipid bilayer, and the subsequent effect of head group and lipid tail oxidation on the structural and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Our simulations are validated by experiments using a cold atmospheric plasma as external ROS source. We found that plasma treatment leads to a slight initial rise in membrane rigidity, followed by a strong and persistent increase in fluidity, indicating a drop in lipid order. The latter is also revealed by our simulations. This study is important for cancer treatment by therapies producing (extracellular) ROS, such as plasma treatment. These ROS will interact with the cell membrane, first oxidizing the head groups, followed by the lipid tails. A drop in lipid order might allow them to penetrate into the cell interior (e.g., through pores created due to oxidation of the lipid tails) and cause intracellular oxidative damage, eventually leading to cell death. This work in general elucidates the underlying mechanisms of ROS interaction with the cell membrane at the atomic level.