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- ItemAgricultural Water Management in Brandenburg(Berlin : Gesellschaft für Erdkunde, 2011) Drastig, Katrin; Prochnow, Annette; Baumecker, Michael; Berg, Werner; Brunsch, ReinerThe present study explores whether regional water resources can be used more efficiently by Brandenburg’s agricultural systems. A systematic analysis of measures to raise the water efficiency follows the description of agriculture in Brandenburg today. Brandenburg’s agricultural systems are separated into three sections: soils, plant production and livestock farming. Within these sections measures to increase water efficiency are listed and analysed with reference to five objective criteria for raising water use efficiency. In the soil section the measures soil tillage and humus conservation management are assigned to the criteria. The following fields in the plant production section are similarly investigated: breeding, seeding, fertilisation, tactically chosen crops, avoidance of competition by herbicide use and efficient irrigation practices as well as watersaving storage and cleaning of field crops. In livestock farming the supply of drinking water and cleaning and cooling processes are analysed. In view of the complexity of the agricultural farming systems in Brandenburg, general measures to raise water use efficiency could not be derived. Sitespecific tillage practices and crop patterns adjusted to the recent weather conditions may reflect the specific diversity of Brandenburg more efficiently.
- ItemAwassi sheep keeping in the Arabic steppe in relation to nitrous oxide emission from soil(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2013) Hijazi, Omar; Berg, Werner; Moussa, Samouil; Ammon, Christian; von Bobrutzki, Kristina; Brunsch, ReinerSheep husbandry is the main source of income for farmers in arid zones. Increasing sheep production on steppes may increase the greenhouse gas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the steppes for Awassi sheep keeping and feed cropping in arid zones such as Syria. The methodology developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used to estimate N2O emissions. A survey was conducted on 64 farms in Syria to gather data for analysis. Precipitation and crop yield data from 2001 to 2009 were also used for calculation and modelling. Sheep-keeping systems, precipitation, year and the region have significant effects on N2O emissions (p<0.05). Emissions of N2O from lands with extensive, semi-intensive and intensive systems were 0.30 ± 0.093, 0.598± 0.113 and 2.243± 0.187 kg sheep1year1, respectively. Crop production was higher in regions with high precipitation levels, which helped to reduce N2O emissions. Using more residuals of wheat, cotton and soya as feed for sheep in the keeping systems evaluated may decrease the overuse of steppe regions and N2O emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions of N2O from sheep-keeping areas can be reduced by changing sheep-keeping systems and increasing the crop production in arid zones through artificial irrigation.
- ItemViertelindividuelle Vakuumapplikation für moderne Melksysteme(Darmstadt : KTBL, 2012) Ströbel, Ulrich; Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra; Hoffmann, Gundula; Ammon, Christian; Amon, Thomas; Brunsch, ReinerDurch den Einsatz von viertelindividueller Melktechnik können die Bedingungen für Melkpersonal und Kühe erheblich verbessert werden. Die getrennte Schlauchführung für die Milch aus den vier Eutervierteln bietet deutliche Vorteile für die technische Weiterentwicklung dieser Melksysteme. Im Folgenden wird der Prototyp eines viertelindividuellen Melksystems mit Vakuumregelungseinheit vorgestellt, der eine milchflussabhängige, präzise Vakuumanpassung für jedes Euterviertel, verbunden mit einer hohen Rate von Sollwert-Istwert-Abgleichen durch die Regelungseinheit, ermöglicht.
- ItemCan Livestock Farming Benefit from Industry 4.0 Technology? Evidence from Recent Study(Basel : MDPI, 2022) Kraft, Martin; Bernhardt, Heinz; Brunsch, Reiner; Büscher, Wolfgang; Colangelo, Eduardo; Graf, Henri; Marquering, Johannes; Tapken, Heiko; Toppel, Kathrin; Westerkamp, Clemens; Ziron, MartinThe term ”Agriculture 4.0” emerged from the term “Industry 4.0” like amany other “4.0” terms. However, are Industry 4.0 technologies and concepts really applicable to agriculture? Are the benefits that Industry 4.0 brings to industrial use cases transferable to livestock farming? This paper tries to answer this question for the three dominant sectors of livestock farming in Central Europe and Germany: Poultry, pig fattening, and dairy farming. These sectors are analyzed along with the eight most relevant Industry 4.0 benefits. The results show that only part of the Industry 4.0 benefits are relevant for livestock farming in a similar manner as in industrial production. Due to basic differences between industrial and livestock farming use cases, some of the benefits must be adapted. The presence of individual living animals and the strong environmental impact of livestock farming affect the role of digital individualization and demand orientation. The position of livestock farming within the value chain minimizes the need for flexibilization. The introduction and adoption of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies may contribute significantly to transforming agriculture into something that may be called Agriculture 4.0. Technologies are indispensable for this development step, but vocational education and open-mindedness of farmers towards Industry 4.0 is essential as well.
- ItemComparison of the effects of quarter-individual and conventional milking systems on milkability traits(München : European Geopyhsical Union, 2011) Müller, Anika B.; Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra; Ammon, Christian; Brunsch, ReinerThis study was carried out to investigate a new quarter-individual milking system called MultiLactor® (Siliconform GmbH, Türkheim, Germany). The MultiLactor enables milking on quarter level basis with low vacuum (37 kPa), sequential pulsation and periodic air inlet. Within the same dairy farm, the influence of this quarter-individual milking system (MULTI) on milkability traits was compared with a conventional milking system (CON). CON was equipped with a conventional milking cluster and used alternating pulsation. Vacuum level was adjusted to 40 kPa. For the study, 84 Holstein Friesian cows were randomly selected and uniformly divided into two herds. During the 30-week survey, the milk flow curves were recorded every other week by using a LactoCorder (WMB, Balgach, Switzerland). Significant differences (P<0.05) between both milking systems were found for all milk flow traits, except for milk yield and decline phase. Concerning the incline (tAN) and plateau (tPL) phase, large differences existed between MULTI and CON. The estimated value of tAN calculated for MULTI (29.4 s) took only half of the time when calculated for CON (56.4 s). The estimated value of tPL at CON was reduced by 1.43 min (35 %) compared to MULTI. Milking process at MULTI (8.49 min) took longer time than for CON (7.43 min). From the study, it was concluded that the effect of shorter tAN in the quarter-individual milked cows may be related to additional prestimulation by an actuator. In contrast, the longer milking time in MULTI is possibly caused by lower vacuum level and periodic air inlet.
- ItemDevelopment of a control system for the teat-end vacuum in individual quarter milking systems(Basel : MDPI, 2013) Ströbel, Ulrich; Rose-Meierhöfer, Sandra; Öz, Hülya; Brunsch, ReinerProgress in sensor technique and electronics has led to a decrease in the costs of electronic and sensor components. In modern dairy farms, having udders in good condition, a lower frequency of udder disease and an extended service life of dairy cows will help ensure competitiveness. The objective of this study was to develop a teat-end vacuum control system with individual quarter actor reaction. Based on a review of the literature, this system is assumed to protect the teat tissue. It reduces the mean teat-end vacuum in the maximum vacuum phase (b) to a level of 20 kPa at a flow rate of 0.25 L/min per quarter. At flow rates higher than 1.50 L/min per quarter, the teat-end vacuum can be controlled to a level of 30 kPa, because in this case it is desirable to have a higher vacuum for the transportation of the milk to the receiver. With this system it is possible for the first time to supply the teat end with low vacuum at low flow rates and with higher vacuum at increasing flow rates in a continuous process with a three second reaction-rate on individual quarter level. This system is completely automated.