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- ItemSamengewinnung während der Schwadbearbeitung am Beispiel Hanf(Darmstadt : KTBL, 2013) Budde, Jörn; Gusovius, Hans-Jörg; Hoffmann, Thomas; Ola, Daniel-CalinUnter den klimatischen Bedingungen Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands ist die klassische Ernte von Hanfsamen mit Mähdreschern nicht oder nur schwer realisierbar. Aus diesem Grund werden eine innovative Maschinenlösung sowie eine Verfahrenskette zur Bergung möglichst homogen und vollständig abgereifter Samen aus der Schwade entwickelt. Zur Untersuchung des Nachreifeverhaltens und der Ausfallverluste wurden Versuchsschwaden angelegt. An diesen wurde untersucht, inwieweit Schnittzeitpunkt und Nachreifezeit die Samenqualität und -quantität sowie die Ausfallverluste beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Jahr 2012 eine Erzeugung hochwertiger Fasern bei gleichzeitig hohen Samenerträgen in einem Zeitfenster von 9 Tagen möglich gewesen wäre. Die maximalen Samenerträge betrugen 364 kg TM/ha für die Sorte Santhica 27 und 1 060 kg TM/ha für die Sorte Fedora 17. Den höchsten Samenverlust durch Ausfallen (22 %) zeigte die Sorte Fedora 17, wobei dieser nach dem Zeitpunkt des maximalen Ertrages auftrat.
- ItemImmer noch speziell? – Verfahren zur Ernte von Faserhanf(Darmstadt : KTBL, 2016) Gusovius, Hans-Jörg; Hoffmann, Thomas; Budde, Jörn; Lühr, CarstenEtwa zwanzig Jahre nach der Wiederzulassung des Hanfanbaus in Deutschland steht eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Ernteverfahren zur Verfügung. Etablierte, aber auch neuere Maschinenentwicklungen erlauben die Bereitstellung von Rohstoffen für die industrielle Weiterverarbeitung oder für die Verwendung als Nahrungs- oder Futtermittel. Der erforderliche Spezialisierungsgrad führt zwar zu hohen, aber – im Vergleich zu etablierten Kulturen – nicht außergewöhnlichen Verfahrenskosten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden bestehende Erntesysteme unter heimischen Anbaubedingungen analysiert. Technische Weiterentwicklungen sind jedoch erforderlich, um die Wettbewerbssituation sowohl um Anbauflächen als auch der aus Faserhanf hergestellten Halbzeuge und Produkte zu verbessern.
- ItemCUDe — Carbon utilization degree as an indicator for sustainable biomass use(Basel : MDPI, 2016) Anja Hansen, Anja Hansen; Budde, Jörn; Karatay, Yusuf Nadi; Prochnow, AnnetteCarbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential production factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree (CUDe) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.
- ItemEnergy balance, greenhouse gas emissions, and profitability of thermobarical pretreatment of cattle waste in anaerobic digestion(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2015) Budde, Jörn; Prochnow, Annette; Plöchl, Matthias; Suárez Quiñones, Teresa; Heiermann, MonikaIn this study modeled full scale application of thermobarical hydrolysis of less degradable feedstock for biomethanation was assessed in terms of energy balance, greenhouse gas emissions, and economy. Data were provided whether the substitution of maize silage as feedstock for biogas production by pretreated cattle wastes is beneficial in full-scale application or not. A model device for thermobarical treatment has been suggested for and theoretically integrated in a biogas plant. The assessment considered the replacement of maize silage as feedstock with liquid and/or solid cattle waste (feces, litter, and feed residues from animal husbandry of high-performance dairy cattle, dry cows, and heifers). The integration of thermobarical pretreatment is beneficial for raw material with high contents of organic dry matter and ligno-cellulose: Solid cattle waste revealed very short payback times, e.g. 9 months for energy, 3 months for greenhouse gases, and 3 years 3 months for economic amortization, whereas, in contrast, liquid cattle waste did not perform positive replacement effects in this analysis.
- ItemResource usage strategies and trade-offs between cropland demand, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions - building insulation as an example(Basel : MDPI, 2016) Hansen, Anja; Budde, Jörn; Prochnow, AnnetteBioresources are used in different production systems as materials as well as energy carriers. The same is true for fossil fuel resources. This study explored whether preferential resource usages exist, using a building insulation system as an example, with regard to the following sustainability criteria: climate impact, land, and fossil fuel demand. We considered the complete life cycle in a life cycle assessment-based approach. The criteria were compared for two strategies: one used natural fibers as material and generated production energies from fossil fuels; the other generated production energies from bioenergy carriers and transformed fossil resources into the insulation material. Both strategies finally yielded the same insulation effect. Hence, the energy demand for heating the building was ignored. None of the strategies operated best in all three criteria: While cropland demand was lower in the bioenergy than in the biomaterial system, its fossil fuel demand was higher. Net contribution to climate change was in the same range for both strategies if we considered no indirect changes in land use. Provided that effective recycling concepts for fossil-derived insulations are in place, using bioresources for energy generation was identified as a promising way to mitigate climate change along with efficient resource use.