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Author: Ebinghaus, Ralf × Publisher: Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU ×

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    Mercury distribution in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere according to measurements by the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: 2014-2016
    (Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU, 2018) Slemr, Franz; Weigelt, Andreas; Ebinghaus, Ralf; Bieser, Johannes; Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Rauthe-Schöch, Armin; Hermann, Markus; Martinsson, Bengt G.; van Velthoven, Peter; Bönisch, Harald; Neumaier, Marco; Zahn, Andreas; Ziereis, Helmut
    Mercury was measured onboard the IAGOS-CARIBIC passenger aircraft from May 2005 until February 2016 during near monthly sequences of mostly four intercontinental flights from Germany to destinations in North and South America, Africa and South and East Asia. Most of these mercury data were obtained using an internal default signal integration procedure of the Tekran instrument but since April 2014 more precise and accurate data were obtained using post-flight manual integration of the instrument raw signal. In this paper we use the latter data. Increased upper tropospheric total mercury (TM) concentrations due to large scale biomass burning were observed in the upper troposphere (UT) at the equator and southern latitudes during the flights to Latin America and South Africa in boreal autumn (SON) and boreal winter (DJF). TM concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) decrease with altitude above the thermal tropopause but the gradient is less steep than reported before. Seasonal variation of the vertical TM distribution in the UT and LMS is similar to that of other trace gases with surface sources and stratospheric sinks. Speciation experiments suggest comparable TM and gaseous elementary mercury (GEM) concentrations at and below the tropopause leaving little space for Hg2+ (TM-thinsp;GEM) being the dominating component of TM here. In the stratosphere significant GEM concentrations were found to exist up to 4 km altitude above the thermal tropopause. Correlations with N2O as a reference tracer suggest stratospheric lifetimes of 72±37 and 74±27 years for TM and GEM, respectively, comparable to the stratospheric lifetime of COS. This coincidence, combined with pieces of evidence from us and other researchers, corroborates the hypothesis that Hg2+ formed by oxidation in the stratosphere attaches to sulfate particles formed mainly by oxidation of COS and is removed with them from the stratosphere by air mass exchange, gravitational sedimentation and cloud scavenging processes.
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    Overview: Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE) – concept and initial results
    (Katlenburg-Lindau : EGU, 2020) Petäjä, Tuukka; Duplissy, Ella-Maria; Tabakova, Ksenia; Schmale, Julia; Altstädter, Barbara; Ancellet, Gerard; Arshinov, Mikhail; Balin, Yurii; Baltensperger, Urs; Bange, Jens; Beamish, Alison; Belan, Boris; Berchet, Antoine; Bossi, Rossana; Cairns, Warren R.L.; Ebinghaus, Ralf; El Haddad, Imad; Ferreira-Araujo, Beatriz; Franck, Anna; Huang, Lin; Hyvärinen, Antti; Humbert, Angelika; Kalogridis, Athina-Cerise; Konstantinov, Pavel; Lampert, Astrid; MacLeod, Matthew; Magand, Olivier; Mahura, Alexander; Marelle, Louis; Masloboev, Vladimir; Moisseev, Dmitri; Moschos, Vaios; Neckel, Niklas; Onishi, Tatsuo; Osterwalder, Stefan; Ovaska, Aino; Paasonen, Pauli; Panchenko, Mikhail; Pankratov, Fidel; Pernov, Jakob B.; Platis, Andreas; Popovicheva, Olga; Raut, Jean-Christophe; Riandet, Aurélie; Sachs, Torsten; Salvatori, Rosamaria; Salzano, Roberto; Schröder, Ludwig; Schön, Martin; Shevchenko, Vladimir; Skov, Henrik; Sonke, Jeroen E.; Spolaor, Andrea; Stathopoulos, Vasileios K.; Strahlendorff, Mikko; Thomas, Jennie L.; Vitale, Vito; Vratolis, Sterios; Barbante, Carlo; Chabrillat, Sabine; Dommergue, Aurélien; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos; Heilimo, Jyri; Law, Kathy S.; Massling, Andreas; Noe, Steffen M.; Paris, Jean-Daniel; Prévôt, André S.H.; Riipinen, Ilona; Wehner, Birgit; Xie, Zhiyong; Lappalainen, Hanna K.
    The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project “iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments” to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth observations (EOs), and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns, and satellites to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators to stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability, and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and the provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, the characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, an assessment of the concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, the quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction, and the validation and optimization of satellite Earth observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of the integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing, and multi-scale modeling in the Arctic context.