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    Fabrication of four-level hierarchical topographies through the combination of LIPSS and direct laser interference pattering on near-beta titanium alloy
    (New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2022) Schell, Frederic; Alamri, Sabri; Hariharan, Avinash; Gebert, Annett; Lasagni, Andrés Fabián; Kunze, Tim
    Complex repetitive periodic surface patterns were produced on a near-beta Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, using two-beam Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) employing a picosecond-pulsed laser source with wavelengths of 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm. Different types of Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are produced, including low and high spatial frequency LIPSS, which are observed frequently on top of the line-like DLIP microstructures, as well as quasi-periodic microstructures with periods greater than the laser wavelength. The feature size of the fabricated LIPSS features could be tuned as function of the utilized laser process parameters.
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    Designing the microstructural constituents of an additively manufactured near β Ti alloy for an enhanced mechanical and corrosion response
    (Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2022) Hariharan, Avinash; Goldberg, Phil; Gustmann, Tobias; Maawad, Emad; Pilz, Stefan; Schell, Frederic; Kunze, Tim; Zwahr, Christoph; Gebert, Annett
    Additive manufacturing of near β-type Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys using the laser powder bed fusion process (LPBF) opens up new avenues to tailor the microstructure and subsequent macro-scale properties that aids in developing new generation patient-specific, load-bearing orthopedic implants. In this work, we investigate a wide range of LPBF parameter space to optimize the volumetric energy density, surface characteristics and melt track widths to achieve a stable process and part density of greater than 99 %. Further, optimized sample states were achieved via thermal post-processing using standard capability aging, super-transus (900 °C) and sub-transus (660 °C) heat treatment strategies with varying quenching mediums (air, water and ice). The applied heat treatment strategies induce various fractions of α, martensite (α', α'') in combination with the β phase and strongly correlated with the observed enhanced mechanical properties and a relatively low elastic modulus. In summary, our work highlights a practical strategy for optimizing the mechanical and corrosion properties of a LPBF produced near β-type Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy via careful evaluation of processing and post-processing steps and the interrelation to the corresponding microstructures. Corrosion studies revealed excellent corrosion resistances of the heat-treated LPBF samples comparable to wrought Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys.