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Author: Hameed, Abdul × Author: Ludwig, Ralf × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Text × WGL Institute: LIKAT ×

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    Novel acridine-based thiosemicarbazones as ‘turn-on' chemosensors for selective recognition of fluoride anion: a spectroscopic and theoretical study
    (London : Royal Soc. Publ., 2018-7-4) Isaac, Ibanga Okon; Munir, Iqra; al-Rashida, Mariya; Ali, Syed Abid; Shafiq, Zahid; Islam, Muhammad; Ludwig, Ralf; Ayub, Khurshid; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Hameed, Abdul
    New thiosemicarbazide-linked acridines 3a–c were prepared and investigated as chemosensors for the detection of biologically and environmentally important anions. The compounds 3a–c were found selective for fluoride (F−) with no affinity for other anions, i.e. −OAc, Br−, I−, HSO4−, SO42−, PO43−, ClO3−, ClO4−, CN− and SCN−. Further, upon the gradual addition of a fluoride anion (F−) source (tetrabutylammonium fluoride), a well-defined change in colour of the solution of probes 3a–c was observed. The anion-sensing process was studied in detail via UV–visible absorption, fluorescence and 1H-NMR experiments. Moreover, during the synthesis of acridine probes 3a–c nickel fluoride (NiF2), a rarely explored transition metal fluoride salt, was used as the catalyst. Theoretical studies via density functional theory were also carried out to further investigate the sensing and anion (F−) selectivity pattern of these probes.
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    Acridinedione as selective flouride ion chemosensor: A detailed spectroscopic and quantum mechanical investigation
    (London : RSC Publishing, 2018) Iqbal, Nafees; Ali, Syed Abid; Munir, Iqra; Khan, Saima; Ayub, Khurshid; al-Rashida, Mariya; Islam, Muhammad; Shafiq, Zahid; Ludwig, Ralf; Hameed, Abdul
    The use of small molecules as chemosensors for ion detection is rapidly gaining popularity by virtue of the advantages it offers over traditional ion sensing methods. Herein we have synthesized a series of acridine(1,8)diones (7a-7l) and explored them for their potential to act as chemosensors for the detection of various anions such as fluoride (F-), acetate (OAc-), bromide (Br-), iodide (I-), bisulfate (HSO4-), chlorate (ClO3-), perchlorate (ClO4-), cyanide (CN-), and thiocyanate (SCN-). Acridinediones were found to be highly selective chemosensors for fluoride ions only. To investigate in detail the mechanism of selective fluoride ion sensing, detailed spectroscopic studies were carried out using UV-visible, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Fluoride mediated (NH) proton abstraction of acridinedione was found to be responsible for the observed selective fluoride ion sensing. Quantum mechanical computational studies, using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) were also carried out, whereupon comparison of acridinedione interaction with fluoride and acetate ions explained the acridinedione selectivity for the detection of fluoride anions. Our results provide ample evidence and rationale for further modulation and exploration of acridinediones as non-invasive chemosensors for fluoride ion detection in a variety of sample types.
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    Novel quinoxaline based chemosensors with selective dual mode of action: nucleophilic addition and host–guest type complex formation
    (2016) Ishtiaq, Marium; Munir, Iqra; al-Rashida, Mariya; Maria, Maria; Ayub, Khurshid; Iqbal, Jamshed; Ludwig, Ralf; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Ali, Syed Abid; Hameed, Abdul
    New quinoxalinium salts 1–5 have been exploited as chemosensors via naked eye, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence quenching and 1H NMR experiments. New sensors 1–5 showed a dual mode, nucleophilic addition and a host–guest type complex towards anion (F−, AcO− and ascorbate) detection. Small anions (F−/AcO−) showed nucleophilic addition at the C2 position of the quinoxalinium cation, while larger anions (ascorbate), revealed the formation of a host–guest type complex due to the steric hindrance posed by the C3 of the phenyl ring. Nucleophilic addition of small anions (F−/AcO−) leads to the de-aromatization of the quinoxalinium cation. However in the case of the larger anion, ascorbate, the host–guest type complex formation induces changes in the absorption/fluorescence signals of the quinoxalinium moiety. This selective binding has been confirmed on the basis of the 1H NMR spectroscopic technique, whereupon nucleophilic addition of small anions (F−/AcO−) was confirmed by monitoring the characteristic proton NMR signals of Ha and the methylene protons (CH2), which were clearly shifted in the cases of fluoride and acetate ion addition confirming the de-aromatization and nucleophilic addition. Whereas no such peak shifting was observed in the case of ascorbate ion addition confirming the non-covalent addition of ascorbate. Theoretical insight into the selectivity and complexation behavior of the ascorbate ion with the quinoxaline moiety is gained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the absorption properties of these complexes are modeled theoretically, and compared with the experimental data. In addition, the thermal decomposition of sensors (1 and 2) has been studied by the means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) to signify their utility at variable temperatures.