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Author: Jiao, Haijun × DDC: 540 × Publisher: Cambridge : RSC ×

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    Cooperative catalytic methoxycarbonylation of alkenes: Uncovering the role of palladium complexes with hemilabile ligands
    (Cambridge : RSC, 2018) Dong, Kaiwu; Sang, Rui; Wei, Zhihong; Liu, Jie; Dühren, Ricarda; Spannenberg, Anke; Jiao, Haijun; Neumann, Helfried; Jackstell, Ralf; Franke, Robert; Beller, Matthias
    Mechanistic studies of the catalyst [Pd2(dba)3/1,1′-bis(tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)ferrocene, L2] for olefin alkoxycarbonylation reactions are described. X-ray crystallography reveals the coordination of the pyridyl nitrogen atom in L2 to the palladium center of the catalytic intermediates. DFT calculations on the elementary steps of the industrially relevant carbonylation of ethylene (the Lucite α-process) indicate that the protonated pyridyl moiety is formed immediately, which facilitates the formation of the active palladium hydride complex. The insertion of ethylene and CO into this intermediate leads to the corresponding palladium acyl species, which is kinetically reversible. Notably, this key species is stabilized by the hemilabile coordination of the pyridyl nitrogen atom in L2. The rate-determining alcoholysis of the acyl palladium complex is substantially facilitated by metal-ligand cooperation. Specifically, the deprotonation of the alcohol by the built-in base of the ligand allows a facile intramolecular nucleophilic attack on the acyl palladium species concertedly. Kinetic measurements support this mechanistic proposal and show that the rate of the carbonylation step is zero-order dependent on ethylene and CO. Comparing CH3OD and CH3OH as nucleophiles suggests the involvement of (de)protonation in the rate-determining step.
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    A selective route to aryl-triphosphiranes and their titanocene-induced fragmentation
    (Cambridge : RSC, 2019) Schumann, André; Reiß, Fabian; Jiao, Haijun; Rabeah, Jabor; Siewert, Jan-Erik; Krummenacher, Ivo; Braunschweig, Holger; Hering-Junghans, Christian
    Triphosphiranes are three-membered phosphorus cycles and their fundamental reactivity has been studied in recent decades. We recently developed a high-yielding, selective synthesis for various aryl-substituted triphosphiranes. Variation of the reaction conditions in combination with theoretical studies helped to rationalize the formation of these homoleptic phosphorus ring systems and highly reactive intermediates could be isolated. In addition we showed that a titanocene synthon [Cp2Ti(btmsa)] facilitates the selective conversion of these triphosphiranes into titanocene diphosphene complexes. This unexpected reactivity mode was further studied theoretically and experimental evidence is presented for the proposed reaction mechanism. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    General and selective synthesis of primary amines using Ni-based homogeneous catalysts
    (Cambridge : RSC, 2020) Murugesan, Kathiravan; Wei, Zhihong; Chandrashekhar, Vishwas G.; Jiao, Haijun; Beller, Matthias; Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.
    The development of base metal catalysts for industrially relevant amination and hydrogenation reactions by applying abundant and atom economical reagents continues to be important for the cost-effective and sustainable synthesis of amines which represent highly essential chemicals. In particular, the synthesis of primary amines is of central importance because these compounds serve as key precursors and central intermediates to produce value-added fine and bulk chemicals as well as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Here we report a Ni-triphos complex as the first Ni-based homogeneous catalyst for both reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with ammonia and hydrogenation of nitroarenes to prepare all kinds of primary amines. Remarkably, this Ni-complex enabled the synthesis of functionalized and structurally diverse benzylic, heterocyclic and aliphatic linear and branched primary amines as well as aromatic primary amines starting from inexpensive and easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and nitroarenes using ammonia and molecular hydrogen. This Ni-catalyzed reductive amination methodology has been applied for the amination of more complex pharmaceuticals and steroid derivatives. Detailed DFT computations have been performed for the Ni-triphos based reductive amination reaction, and they revealed that the overall reaction has an inner-sphere mechanism with H2metathesis as the rate-determining step. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020.
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    1-Titanacyclobuta-2,3-diene-an elusive four-membered cyclic allene
    (Cambridge : RSC, 2019) Reiß, Fabian; Reiß, Melanie; Bresien, Jonas; Spannenberg, Anke; Jiao, Haijun; Baumann, Wolfgang; Arndt, Perdita; Beweries, Torsten
    The synthesis of an unusual 1-metalla-2,3-cyclobutadiene complex [rac-(ebthi)Ti(Me3SiC3SiMe3)] (rac-ebthi = rac-1,2-ethylene-1,1′-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)), a formal metallacyclic analogue of a non-existent four-membered 1,2-cyclobutadiene, is described. By variation of the cyclopentadienyl ligand of the titanocene precursor it was possible to stabilise this highly exotic compound which selectively reacts with ketones and aldehydes to yield enynes by oxygen transfer to titanium. Analysis of the bonding and electronic structure of the metallacycle shows that the complex is best described as an unusual antiferromagnetically coupled biradicaloid system, possessing a formal Ti(iii) centre coordinated with a monoanionic radical ligand. © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.