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Author: Müller, Elke × Subject: emergence ×

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    Phylodynamic signatures in the emergence of community-associated MRSA
    (Washington, DC : National Acad. of Sciences, 2022) Steinig, Eike; Aglua, Izzard; Duchene, Sebastian; Meehan, Michael T.; Yoannes, Mition; Firth, Cadhla; Jaworski, Jan; Drekore, Jimmy; Urakoko, Bohu; Poka, Harry; Wurr, Clive; Ebos, Eri; Nangen, David; Müller, Elke; Mulvey, Peter; Jackson, Charlene; Blomfeldt, Anita; Aamot, Hege Vangstein; Laman, Moses; Manning, Laurens; Earls, Megan; Coleman, David C.; Greenhill, Andrew; Ford, Rebecca; Stegger, Marc; Syed, Muhammad Ali; Jamil, Bushra; Monecke, Stefan; Ehricht, Ralf; Smith, Simon; Pomat, William; Horwood, Paul; Tong, Steven Y. C.; McBryde, Emma
    Community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages have emerged in many geographically distinct regions around the world during the past 30 y. Here, we apply consistent phylodynamic methods across multiple community-associated MRSA lineages to describe and contrast their patterns of emergence and dissemination. We generated whole-genome sequencing data for the Australian sequence type (ST) ST93-MRSA-IV from remote communities in Far North Queensland and Papua New Guinea, and the Bengal Bay ST772-MRSA-V clone from metropolitan communities in Pakistan. Increases in the effective reproduction number (Re) and sustained transmission (Re > 1) coincided with spread of progenitor methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in remote northern Australian populations, dissemination of the ST93-MRSA-IV genotype into population centers on the Australian East Coast, and subsequent importation into the highlands of Papua New Guinea and Far North Queensland. Applying the same phylodynamic methods to existing lineage datasets, we identified common signatures of epidemic growth in the emergence and epidemiological trajectory of community-associated S. aureus lineages from America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe. Surges in Re were observed at the divergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, coinciding with their establishment in regional population centers. Epidemic growth was also observed among drug-resistant MSSA clades in Africa and northern Australia. Our data suggest that the emergence of community-associated MRSA in the late 20th century was driven by a combination of antibiotic-resistant genotypes and host epidemiology, leading to abrupt changes in lineage-wide transmission dynamics and sustained transmission in regional population centers.
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    Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates
    ([London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 2020) Senok, Abiola; Nassar, Rania; Celiloglu, Handan; Nabi, Anju; Alfaresi, Mubarak; Weber, Stefan; Rizvi, Irfan; Müller, Elke; Reissig, Annett; Gawlik, Darius; Monecke, Stefan; Ehricht, Ralf
    Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), “Bengal- Bay Clone”. Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT + fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT + cas + fusC + ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV + fusC + ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV + fusC + tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V + fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n = 181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n = 132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n = 179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n = 2) and cfr gene (n = 1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape. © 2020, The Author(s).