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Author: Müller-Simon, Hayo × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Text × Version: publishedVersion × Publisher: Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft ×

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    Selenium flow in the melting of flint glass Containers
    (Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1996) Müller-Simon, Hayo; Kirchner, Ulrich
    [no abstract available]
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    Application of oxygen sensors in industrial glass melting tanks
    (Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1996) Baucke, Friedrich G. K.; Werner, Ralf D.; Müller-Simon, Hayo; Mergler, Kurt Wilhelm
    Α comparative study of electrochemical oxygen sensors for glass melts employing zirconia solid electrolytes developed by Schott Glaswerke and by the HVG is reported. The sensors applied in a feeder Channel of a melting tank producing green glass yielded slightly different but reproducible results despite different constructions. The zirconia reference electrodes achieved more than one year active lifetime at 1200°C. Their potentials directly compared over extended periods agreed within less than 3 mV. The potential differences of the platinum measuring electrodes were traced to temperature gradients. Newly installed platinum electrodes show "induction periods" caused by convectional and diffusional equilibration of adhering surface with bulk melt. Unexpected sudden oxygen inhomogeneities of the melt were detected and explained.
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    Electron exchange reactions between polyvalent elements in soda-lime-silica and sodium borate glasses
    (Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 1996) Müller-Simon, Hayo
    In oxidic glasses the redox State of polyvalent elements is determined by the oxygen partial pressure with which the melt is in equilibrium. However, if a second polyvalent element is introduced the redox ratios at a given oxygen pardal pressure change for both elements. This interaction is interpreted in terms of electron exchange reactions during cooling. The direcdon of the electron exchange and the amount of exchanged electrons are calculated from the Standard reaction enthalpy and Standard reaction entropy of the involved polyvalent elements. Oxygen balance calculations are carried out based on literature data available for iron/chromium and iron/manganese interaction in soda-lime-silic a glasses and cerium/manganese interaction in sodium borate glasses. The iron/ chromium and iron/manganese interaction fmishes already at high temperatures. In that case the amount of exchanged electrons can be calculated from stoichiometric considerations. The cerium/manganese couple shows a typical freezing-in behavior in sodium borate glass during cooling. The freezing-in temperature can be associated with the distance of the interacting ions.