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    Glasses for the preparation of gradient index lenses in the Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system - hydrolytic durability, thermal and optical properties
    (Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Hornschuh, Sandra; Rüssel, Christian; Messerschmidt, Bernhard; Possner, Torsten; Possner, Ulf
    Glasses in the system Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 were melted from the raw materials and studied with respect to their chemical durability, their crystal growth velocities, their refractive index and dispersion, their glass transition temperature and their thermal expansion coeffieient. With inereasing Na2O concentration, the crystal growth velocity increases and the chemical durability decreases. Equimolar subtitution of B2O3 for SiO2 results in a decrease in both the chemical durability and in crystal growth velocities. Equimolar subtitution of AI2O3 for SiO2 leads to increasing chemical durability and decreasing crystal growth velocities. Optimum glass compositions to produce gradient index lenses should possess B2O3 concentrations of around 12.5 to 15 mor% and molar AI2O3 concentrations some percent larger than the Na2O concentration. In these glasses, nonbridging oxygen does not occur.
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    A rigid coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering endoscope with high resolution and a large field of view
    (College Park : American Institute of Physics, 2018) Zirak, P.; Matz, Gregor; Messerschmidt, Bernhard; Meyer, Tobias; Schmitt, Michael; Popp, Jürgen; Uckermann, Ortrud; Galli, R.; Kirsch, Matthias; Winterhalder, M.J.; Zumbusch, A.
    Nonlinear optical endoscopy is an attractive technique for biomedical imaging since it promises to give access to high resolution imaging in vivo. Among the various techniques used for endoscopic contrast generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is especially interesting. CARS endoscopy allows molecule specific imaging of unlabeled samples. In this contribution, we describe the design, implementation, and experimental characterization of a rigid, compact CARS endoscope with a spatial resolution of 750 nm over a field of view of roughly 250 μm. Omission of the relay optics and use of a gradient index lens specifically designed for this application allow one to realize these specifications in an endoscopic unit which is 2.2 mm wide over a length of 187 mm, making clinical applications during surgical interventions possible. Multimodal use of the endoscope is demonstrated with images of samples with neurosurgical relevance.Nonlinear optical endoscopy is an attractive technique for biomedical imaging since it promises to give access to high resolution imaging in vivo. Among the various techniques used for endoscopic contrast generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is especially interesting. CARS endoscopy allows molecule specific imaging of unlabeled samples. In this contribution, we describe the design, implementation, and experimental characterization of a rigid, compact CARS endoscope with a spatial resolution of 750 nm over a field of view of roughly 250 μm. Omission of the relay optics and use of a gradient index lens specifically designed for this application allow one to realize these specifications in an endoscopic unit which is 2.2 mm wide over a length of 187 mm, making clinical applications during surgical interventions possible. Multimodal use of the endoscope is demonstrated with images of samples with neurosurgical relevance.