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Brain Mechanisms of COVID-19-Sleep Disorders
2021, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana, Mamedova, Aysel, Vinnik, Valeria, Klimova, Maria, Saranceva, Elena, Ageev, Vasily, Yu, Tingting, Zhu, Dan, Penzel, Thomas, Kurths, Jürgen
2020 and 2021 have been unprecedented years due to the rapid spread of the modified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus around the world. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes atypical infiltrated pneumonia with many neurological symptoms, and major sleep changes. The exposure of people to stress, such as social confinement and changes in daily routines, is accompanied by various sleep disturbances, known as ‘coronasomnia’ phenomenon. Sleep disorders induce neuroinflammation, which promotes the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and entry of antigens and inflammatory factors into the brain. Here, we review findings and trends in sleep research in 2020–2021, demonstrating how COVID-19 and sleep disorders can induce BBB leakage via neuroinflammation, which might contribute to the ‘coronasomnia’ phenomenon. The new studies suggest that the control of sleep hygiene and quality should be incorporated into the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. We also discuss perspective strategies for the prevention of COVID-19-related BBB disorders. We demonstrate that sleep might be a novel biomarker of BBB leakage, and the analysis of sleep EEG patterns can be a breakthrough non-invasive technology for diagnosis of the COVID-19-caused BBB disruption.
Photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of liposomes to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier: new perspectives for glioma therapy
2021, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana, Fedosov, Ivan, Shirokov, Alexander, Vodovozova, Elena, Alekseeva, Anna, Khorovodov, Alexandr, Blokhina, Inna, Terskov, Andrey, Mamedova, Aysel, Klimova, Maria, Dubrovsky, Alexander, Ageev, Vasily, Agranovich, Ilana, Vinnik, Valeria, Tsven, Anna, Sokolovski, Sergey, Rafailov, Edik, Penzel, Thomas, Kurths, Jürgen
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a significant contribution to the protection of the central nervous system (CNS). However, it also limits the brain drug delivery and thereby complicates the treatment of CNS diseases. The development of safe methods for an effective delivery of medications and nanocarriers to the brain can be a revolutionary step in the overcoming this limitation. Here, we report the unique properties of the lymphatic system to deliver tracers and liposomes to the brain meninges, brain tissues, and glioma in rats. Using a quantum-dot-based 1267 nm laser (for photosensitizer-free generation of singlet oxygen), we clearly demonstrate photostimulation of lymphatic delivery of liposomes to glioma as well as lymphatic clearance of liposomes from the brain. These pilot findings open promising perspectives for photomodulation of lymphatic delivery of drugs and nanocarriers to the brain pathology bypassing the BBB. The lymphatic “smart” delivery of liposomes with antitumor drugs in the new brain tumor branches might be a breakthrough strategy for the therapy of gliomas.
Simulating Dynamics of Circulation in the Awake State and Different Stages of Sleep Using Non-autonomous Mathematical Model With Time Delay
2021, Karavaev, Anatoly S., Ishbulatov, Yurii M., Prokhorov, Mikhail D., Ponomarenko, Vladimir I., Kiselev, Anton R., Runnova, Anastasiia E., Hramkov, Alexey N., Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana V., Kurths, Jürgen, Penzel, Thomas
We propose a mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system. The model allows one to simulate the main heart rate, its variability under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, breathing process, and oscillations of blood pressure. For the first time, the model takes into account the activity of the cerebral cortex structures that modulate the autonomic control loops of blood circulation in the awake state and in various stages of sleep. The adequacy of the model is demonstrated by comparing its time series with experimental records of healthy subjects in the SIESTA database. The proposed model can become a useful tool for studying the characteristics of the cardiovascular system dynamics during sleep.