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- ItemA systematic study of sustainable development goal (SDG) interactions(Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2017) Pradhan, Prajal; Costa, Luís; Rybski, Diego; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kropp, Jürgen P.Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have set the 2030 agenda to transform our world by tackling multiple challenges humankind is facing to ensure well‐being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. In contrast to conventional development agendas focusing on a restricted set of dimensions, the SDGs provide a holistic and multidimensional view on development. Hence, interactions among the SDGs may cause diverging results. To analyze the SDG interactions we systematize the identification of synergies and trade‐offs using official SDG indicator data for 227 countries. A significant positive correlation between a pair of SDG indicators is classified as a synergy while a significant negative correlation is classified as a trade‐off. We rank synergies and trade‐offs between SDGs pairs on global and country scales in order to identify the most frequent SDG interactions. For a given SDG, positive correlations between indicator pairs were found to outweigh the negative ones in most countries. Among SDGs the positive and negative correlations between indicator pairs allowed for the identification of particular global patterns. SDG 1 (No poverty) has synergetic relationship with most of the other goals, whereas SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) is the goal most commonly associated with trade‐offs. The attainment of the SDG agenda will greatly depend on whether the identified synergies among the goals can be leveraged. In addition, the highlighted trade‐offs, which constitute obstacles in achieving the SDGs, need to be negotiated and made structurally nonobstructive by deeper changes in the current strategies.
- ItemThe COVID‐19 Pandemic Not Only Poses Challenges, but Also Opens Opportunities for Sustainable Transformation(Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021) Pradhan, Prajal; Subedi, Daya Raj; Khatiwada, Dilip; Joshi, Kirti Kusum; Kafle, Sagar; Chhetri, Raju Pandit; Dhakal, Shobhakar; Gautam, Ambika Prasad; Khatiwada, Padma Prasad; Mainaly, Jony; Onta, Sharad; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Parajuly, Keshav; Pokharel, Sijal; Satyal, Poshendra; Singh, Devendra Raj; Talchabhadel, Rocky; Tha, Rupesh; Thapa, Bhesh Raj; Adhikari, Kamal; Adhikari, Shankar; Chandra Bastakoti, Ram; Bhandari, Pitambar; Bharati, Saraswoti; Bhusal, Yub Raj; Bahadur BK, Man; Bogati, Ramji; Kafle, Simrin; Khadka, Manohara; Khatiwada, Nawa Raj; Lal, Ajay Chandra; Neupane, Dinesh; Neupane, Kaustuv Raj; Ojha, Rajit; Regmi, Narayan Prasad; Rupakheti, Maheswar; Sapkota, Alka; Sapkota, Rupak; Sharma, Mahashram; Shrestha, Gitta; Shrestha, Indira; Shrestha, Khadga Bahadur; Tandukar, Sarmila; Upadhyaya, Shyam; Kropp, Jürgen P.; Bhuju, Dinesh RajThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted social, economic, and environmental systems worldwide, slowing down and reversing the progress made in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDGs belong to the 2030 Agenda to transform our world by tackling humankind's challenges to ensure well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. We explore the potential impacts of the pandemic on SDGs for Nepal. We followed a knowledge co-creation process with experts from various professional backgrounds, involving five steps: online survey, online workshop, assessment of expert's opinions, review and validation, and revision and synthesis. The pandemic has negatively impacted most SDGs in the short term. Particularly, the targets of SDG 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 have and will continue to have weakly to moderately restricting impacts. However, a few targets of SDG 2, 3, 6, and 11 could also have weakly promoting impacts. The negative impacts have resulted from impeding factors linked to the pandemic. Many of the negative impacts may subside in the medium and long terms. The key five impeding factors are lockdowns, underemployment and unemployment, closure of institutions and facilities, diluted focus and funds for non-COVID-19-related issues, and anticipated reduction in support from development partners. The pandemic has also opened a window of opportunity for sustainable transformation, which is short-lived and narrow. These opportunities are lessons learned for planning and action, socio-economic recovery plan, use of information and communication technologies and the digital economy, reverse migration and “brain gain,” and local governments' exercising authorities.
- ItemSevere climate change risks to food security and nutrition(Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2022) Mirzabaev, Alisher; Bezner Kerr, Rachel; Hasegawa, Toshihiro; Pradhan, Prajal; Wreford, Anita; Tirado von der Pahlen, Maria Cristina; Gurney-Smith, HelenThis paper discusses severe risks to food security and nutrition that are linked to ongoing and projected climate change, particularly climate and weather extremes in global warming, drought, flooding, and precipitation. We specifically consider the impacts on populations vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition due to lower income, lower access to nutritious food, or social discrimination. The paper defines climate-related “severe risk” in the context of food security and nutrition, using a combination of criteria, including the magnitude and likelihood of adverse consequences, the timing of the risk and the ability to reduce the risk. Severe climate change risks to food security and nutrition are those which result, with high likelihood, in pervasive and persistent food insecurity and malnutrition for millions of people, have the potential for cascading effects beyond the food systems, and against which we have limited ability to prevent or fully respond. The paper uses internationally agreed definitions of risks to food security and nutrition to describe the magnitude of adverse consequences. Moreover, the paper assesses the conditions under which climate change-induced risks to food security and nutrition could become severe based on findings in the literature using different climate change scenarios and shared socioeconomic pathways. Finally, the paper proposes adaptation options, including institutional management and governance actions, that could be taken now to prevent or reduce the severe climate risks to future human food security and nutrition.
- ItemRelating climate compatible development and human livelihood(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2013) Reusser, Dominik; Lissner, Tabea; Pradhan, Prajal; Holsten, Anne; Rybski, Diego; Kropp, Jürgen P.We explore the link between improvements in human development and greenhouse gas emission. We argue that a disaggregated view on human development is required to understand the potential for decoupling of development from greenhouse gas emissions. To do so, we relate 16 elements from the livelihood index to emissions. Improvements in livelihood are decoupled from emissions for 10 elements, while only 6 are related to significant emissions. We operate the proposed framework for the example of food consumption and related emissions and find a reduction potential of about 13% compared to the total emissions from this sector.