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Author: Presser, Volker × End date: 2022 × End date: 2021 × Subject: Desalination × WGL Institute: INM ×

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    MXene as a novel intercalation-type pseudocapacitive cathode and anode for capacitive deionization
    (London [u.a.] : RSC, 2016) Srimuk, Pattarachai; Kaasik, Friedrich; Krüner, Benjamin; Tolosa, Aura; Fleischmann, Simon; Jäckel, Nicolas; Tekeli, Mehmet C.; Aslan, Mesut; Suss, Matthew E.; Presser, Volker
    In this proof-of-concept study, we introduce and demonstrate MXene as a novel type of intercalation electrode for desalination via capacitive deionization (CDI). Traditional CDI cells employ nanoporous carbon electrodes with significant pore volume to achieve a large desalination capacity via ion electrosorption. By contrast, MXene stores charge by ion intercalation between the sheets of its two-dimensional nanolamellar structure. By this virtue, it behaves as an ideal pseudocapacitor, that is, showing capacitive electric response while intercalating both anions and cations. We synthesized Ti3C2-MXene by the conventional process of etching ternary titanium aluminum carbide i.e., the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) with hydrofluoric acid. The MXene material was cast directly onto the porous separator of the CDI cell without added binder, and exhibited very stable performance over 30 CDI cycles with an average salt adsorption capacity of 13 ± 2 mg g−1.
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    High performance stability of titania decorated carbon for desalination with capacitive deionization in oxygenated water
    (London : RSC Publishing, 2016) Srimuk, Pattarachai; Ries, Lucie; Zeiger, Marco; Fleischmann, Simon; Jäckel, Nicolas; Tolosa, Aura; Krüner, Benjamin; Aslan, Mesut; Presser, Volker
    Performance stability in capacitive deionization (CDI) is particularly challenging in systems with a high amount of dissolved oxygen due to rapid oxidation of the carbon anode and peroxide formation. For example, carbon electrodes show a fast performance decay, leading to just 15% of the initial performance after 50 CDI cycles in oxygenated saline solution (5 mM NaCl). We present a novel strategy to overcome this severe limitation by employing nanocarbon particles hybridized with sol–gel-derived titania. In our proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate very stable performance in low molar saline electrolyte (5 mM NaCl) with saturated oxygen for the carbon/metal oxide hybrid (90% of the initial salt adsorption capacity after 100 cycles). The electrochemical analysis using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) confirms the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic effect of FW200/TiO2, preventing local peroxide formation by locally modifying the oxygen reduction reaction.
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    Three-Dimensional Cobalt Hydroxide Hollow Cube/Vertical Nanosheets with High Desalination Capacity and Long-Term Performance Stability in Capacitive Deionization
    ([Beijing] : China Association for Science and Technology, 2021) Xiong, Yuecheng; Yu, Fei; Arnold, Stefanie; Wang, Lei; Presser, Volker; Ren, Yifan; Ma, Jie
    Faradaic electrode materials have significantly improved the performance of membrane capacitive deionization, which offers an opportunity to produce freshwater from seawater or brackish water in an energy-efficient way. However, Faradaic materials hold the drawbacks of slow desalination rate due to the intrinsic low ion diffusion kinetics and inferior stability arising from the volume expansion during ion intercalation, impeding the engineering application of capacitive deionization. Herein, a pseudocapacitive material with hollow architecture was prepared via template-etching method, namely, cuboid cobalt hydroxide, with fast desalination rate (3.3 mg (NaCl)·g-1 (h-Co(OH)2)·min-1 at 100 mA·g-1) and outstanding stability (90% capacity retention after 100 cycles). The hollow structure enables swift ion transport inside the material and keeps the electrode intact by alleviating the stress induced from volume expansion during the ion capture process, which is corroborated well by in situ electrochemical dilatometry and finite element simulation. Additionally, benefiting from the elimination of unreacted bulk material and vertical cobalt hydroxide nanosheets on the exterior surface, the synthesized material provides a high desalination capacity ( mg (NaCl)·g-1 (h-Co(OH)2) at 30 mA·g-1). This work provides a new strategy, constructing microscale hollow faradic configuration, to further boost the desalination performance of Faradaic materials.