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- ItemPerovskite Origami for Programmable Microtube Lasing(Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2021) Dong, Haiyun; Saggau, Christian Niclaas; Zhu, Minshen; Liang, Jie; Duan, Shengkai; Wang, Xiaoyu; Tang, Hongmei; Yin, Yin; Wang, Xiaoxia; Wang, Jiawei; Zhang, Chunhuan; Zhao, Yong Sheng; Ma, Libo; Schmidt, Oliver G.Metal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications ranging from photovoltaics to laser devices. However, current perovskite devices are constrained to simple low-dimensional structures suffering from limited design freedom and holding up performance improvement and functionality upgrades. Here, a micro-origami technique is developed to program 3D perovskite microarchitectures toward a new type of microcavity laser. The design flexibility in 3D supports not only outstanding laser performance such as low threshold, tunable output, and high stability but also yields new functionalities like 3D confined mode lasing and directional emission in, for example, laser “array-in-array” systems. The results represent a significant step forward toward programmable microarchitectures that take perovskite optoelectronics and photonics into the 3D era. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
- ItemAntifreezing Hydrogel with High Zinc Reversibility for Flexible and Durable Aqueous Batteries by Cooperative Hydrated Cations(Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2020) Zhu, Minshen; Wang, Xiaojie; Tang, Hongmei; Wang, Jiawei; Hao, Qi; Liu, Lixiang; Li, Yang; Zhang, Kai; Schmidt, Oliver G.Hydrogels are widely used in flexible aqueous batteries due to their liquid-like ion transportation abilities and solid-like mechanical properties. Their potential applications in flexible and wearable electronics introduce a fundamental challenge: how to lower the freezing point of hydrogels to preserve these merits without sacrificing hydrogels' basic advantages in low cost and high safety. Moreover, zinc as an ideal anode in aqueous batteries suffers from low reversibility because of the formation of insulative byproducts, which is mainly caused by hydrogen evolution via extensive hydration of zinc ions. This, in principle, requires the suppression of hydration, which induces an undesirable increase in the freezing point of hydrogels. Here, it is demonstrated that cooperatively hydrated cations, zinc and lithium ions in hydrogels, are very effective in addressing the above challenges. This simple but unique hydrogel not only enables a 98% capacity retention upon cooling down to −20 °C from room temperature but also allows a near 100% capacity retention with >99.5% Coulombic efficiency over 500 cycles at −20 °C. In addition, the strengthened mechanical properties of the hydrogel under subzero temperatures result in excellent durability under various harsh deformations after the freezing process. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
- ItemA compact tube-in-tube microsized lithium-ion battery as an independent microelectric power supply unit([New York, NY] : Elsevier, 2021) Weng, Qunhong; Wang, Sitao; Liu, Lixiang; Lu, Xueyi; Zhu, Minshen; Li, Yang; Gabler, Felix; Schmidt, Oliver G.Independent and well-packaged miniaturized energy storage devices (MESDs) are indispensable as power sources or backup units for integrated circuits and many dispersive electronics applications. Challenges associated with MESD development relate to their low packaged areal energy density and poor battery performance. Here, we propose a compact tube-in-tube battery configuration to overcome the areal energy density and packaging problems in microbatteries. Compact microtubular microelectrodes rolled up from patterned nanomembranes are sealed in an inert glass capillary with a thin tube wall. The resultant tube-in-tube microsized lithium-ion batteries (micro-LIBs), based on various active materials, exhibit very high and scalable packaged areal energy densities up to 605 microampere hours per square centimeter (μAh cm−2) or 313 μWh cm−2 with footprints as small as 0.39–0.79 mm2. This approach is a practical alternative for microbattery microelectrode, packaging, and configuration innovations.
- ItemNano energy for miniaturized systems(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2021) Zhu, Minshen; Zhu, Feng; Schmidt, Oliver G.Skin mountable electronic devices are in a high-speed development at the crossroads of materials science, electronics, and computer science. Sophisticated functions, such as sensing, actuating, and computing, are integrated into a soft electronic device that can be firmly mounted to any place of human body. These advanced electronic devices are capable of yielding abilities for us whenever they are needed and even expanding our abilities beyond their natural limitations. Despite the great promise of skin mounted electronic devices, they still lack satisfactory power supplies that are safe and continuous. This Perspective discusses the prospects of the development of energy storage devices for the next generation skin mountable electronic devices based on their unique requirements on flexibility and miniaturized size.
- ItemSteering Directional Light Emission and Mode Chirality through Postshaping of Cavity Geometry(Hoboke, NJ : Wiley, 2020) Wang, Jiawei; Tang, Min; Yang, Yue-De; Yin, Yin; Chen, Yan; Saggau, Christian Niclaas; Zhu, Minshen; Yuan, Xiaobo; Karnaushenko, Dmitriy; Huang, Yong-Zhen; Ma, Libo; Schmidt, Oliver G.Dielectric optical microcavities have been explored as an excellent platform to manipulate the light flow and investigate non‐Hermitian physics in open optical systems. For whispering gallery mode optical microcavities, modifying the rotational symmetry is highly desirable for intriguing phenomena such as degenerated chiral modes and directional light emission. However, for the state‐of‐the‐art approaches, namely deforming the cavity geometry by precision lithography or introducing local scatterers near the cavity boundary via micromanipulation, there is a lack of flexibility in fine‐adjusting of chiral symmetry and far‐field emission direction. Here, precise engineering of cavity boundary using electron‐beam‐induced deposition is reported based on rolled‐up nanomembrane‐enabled spiral‐shaped microcavities. The deformation of outer boundary results in delicate tailoring of asymmetric backscattering between the outer and inner rolling edges, and hence deterministically strong mode chirality. Besides, the crescent‐shaped high‐index nanocap leads to modified light tunneling channels and inflected far‐field emission angle. It is envisioned that such a localized deposition‐assisted technique for adjusting the structural deformation of 3D optical microcavities will be highly useful for understanding rich insights in non‐Hermitian photonics and unfolding exotic properties on lasing, sensing, and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
- ItemAdvanced architecture designs towards high-performance 3D microbatteries(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2021) Li, Yang; Qu, Jiang; Li, Fei; Qu, Zhe; Tang, Hongmei; Liu, Lixiang; Zhu, Minshen; Schmidt, Oliver G.Rechargeable microbatteries are important power supplies for microelectronic devices. Two essential targets for rechargeable microbatteries are high output energy and minimal footprint areas. In addition to the development of new high-performance electrode materials, the device configurations of microbatteries also play an important role in enhancing the output energy and miniaturizing the footprint area. To make a clear vision on the design principle of rechargeable microbatteries, we firstly summarize the typical configurations of microbatteries. The advantages of different configurations are thoroughly discussed from the aspects of fabrication technologies and material engineering. Towards the high energy output at a minimal footprint area, a revolutionary design for microbatteries is of great importance. In this perspective, we review the progress of fabricating microbatteries based on the rolled-up nanotechnology, a derivative origami technology. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives in the device design and materials optimization.