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Retrieval of attosecond pulse ensembles from streaking experiments using mixed state time-domain ptychography
The electric field of attosecond laser pulses can be retrieved from laser-dressed photoionisation measurements, where electron wavepackets that result from single-photon ionisation by the attosecond pulse in the presence of a dressing field are produced. In case of fluctuating dressing laser and/or attosecond pulses, e.g. due to pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the carrier envelope phase of the infrared laser pulse, commonly applied retrieval algorithms result in the erroneous extraction of the pulse fields. We present a mixed state time-domain ptychography algorithm for the retrieval of pulse ensembles from attosecond streaking experiments. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Generation and characterisation of few-pulse attosecond pulse trains at 100 kHz repetition rate
The development of attosecond pump-probe experiments at high repetition rate requires the development of novel attosecond sources maintaining a sufficient number of photons per pulse. We use 7 fs, 800 nm pulses from a non-collinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser system to generate few-pulse attosecond pulse trains (APTs) with a flux of >106 photons per shot in the extreme ultraviolet at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The pulse trains have been fully characterised by recording frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts (FROG-CRAB) traces with a velocity map imaging spectrometer. For the pulse retrieval from the FROG-CRAB trace a new ensemble retrieval algorithm has been employed that enables the reconstruction of the shape of the APTs in the presence of carrier envelope phase fluctuations of the few-cycle laser system. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.