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Attosecond control of electron-ion recollision in high harmonic generation
2011, Gademann, G., Kelkensberg, F., Siu, W.K., Johnsson, P., Gaarde, M.B., Schafer, K.J., Vrakking, M.J.J.
We show that high harmonic generation driven by an intense nearinfrared (IR) laser can be temporally controlled when an attosecond pulse train (APT) is used to ionize the generation medium, thereby replacing tunnel ionization as the first step in the well-known three-step model. New harmonics are formed when the ionization occurs at a well-defined time within the optical cycle of the IR field. The use of APT-created electron wave packets affords new avenues for the study and application of harmonic generation. In the present experiment, this makes it possible to study harmonic generation at IR intensities where tunnel ionization does not give a measurable signal.
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of highly-excited states in N2 molecules excited by femtosecond XUV pulses
2013, Lucchini, M., Seung, Kim, K., Calegari, F., Kelkensberg, F., Siu, W.K., Sansone, G., Vrakking, M.J.J., Hochlaf, M., Nisoli, M.
We used velocity-map-imaging to measure electronic and nuclear dynamics in N2 molecules excited by a train of attosecond pulses. A time-to-space mapping of autoionization channel is demonstrated. It is found that the autoionization becomes energetically allowed when the two nuclei are still very close (~ 3 Å) and that it can be coherently manipulated by a strong femtosecond infrared pulse.