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- ItemSaturation of the all-optical Kerr effect(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Brée, Carsten; Demircan, Ayhan; Steinmeyer, GünterSaturation of the intensity dependence of the refractive index is directly computed from ionization rates via a Kramers-Kronig transform. The linear intensity dependence and its dispersion are found in excellent agreement with complete quantum mechanical orbital computations. Higher-order terms concur with solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Expanding the formalism to all orders up to the ionization potential of the atom, we derive a model for saturation of the Kerr effect. This model widely confirms recently published and controversially discussed experimental data and corroborates the importance of higher-order Kerr terms for filamentation.
- ItemRogue wave formation by accelerated solitons at an optical event horizon(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Demircan, Ayhan; Amiranashvili, Shalva; Brée, Carsten; Mahnke, Christoph; Mitschke, Fedor; Steinmeyer, GünterRogue waves, by definition, are rare events of extreme amplitude, but at the same time they are frequent in the sense that they can exist in a wide range of physical contexts. While many mechanisms have been demonstrated to explain the appearance of rogue waves in various specific systems, there is no known generic mechanism or general set of criteria shown to rule their appearance. Presupposing only the existence of a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation together with a concave dispersion profile around a zero dispersion wavelength we demonstrate that solitons may experience acceleration and strong reshaping due to the interaction with continuum radiation, giving rise to extreme-value phenomena. The mechanism is independent of the optical Raman effect. A strong increase of the peak power is accompanied by a mild increase of the pulse energy and carrier frequency, whereas the photon number of the soliton remains practically constant. This reshaping mechanism is particularly robust and is naturally given in optics in the supercontinuum generation process.
- ItemModulation instability in filamentary self-compression(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Brée, Carsten; Demircan, Ayhan; Steinmeyer, GünterWe numerically analyze filamentary propagation for various medium- and input pulse parameters and show that temporal self-compression can greatly benefit from refocusing events. Analyzing the dynamical behavior in the second focal spot, it turns out that a dispersive temporal break-up may appear due to the emission of a hyperbolic shock-wave from the self-steepened trailing edge of the pulse. This break-up event enhances the self-compression capabilities of laser filaments, enabling up to 12-fold temporal compression. Only slightly perturbing the input pulse parameters, we further identify a regime in which refocusing events give rise to extended subdiffractive propagation in a weakly ionized channel.
- ItemKramers-Kronig relations and high order nonlinear susceptibilities(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2011) Brée, Carsten; Demircan, Ayhan; Steinmeyer, GünterAs previous theoretical results recently revealed, a Kramers-Kronig transform of multiphoton absorption rates allows for a precise prediction on the dispersion of the nonlinear refractive index $n_2$ in the near IR. It was shown that this method allows to reproduce recent experimental results on the importance of the higher-order Kerr effect. Extending these results, the current manuscript provides the dispersion of $n_2$ for all noble gases in excellent agreement with reference data. It is furthermore established that the saturation and inversion of the nonlinear refractive index is highly dispersive with wavelength, which indicates the existence of different filamentation regimes. While shorter laser wavelengths favor the well-established plasma clamping regime, the influence of the higher-order Kerr effect dominates in the long wavelength regime.
- ItemAccelerated rogue solitons triggered by background radiation(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2015) Demircan, Ayhan; Amiranashvili, Shalva; Brée, Carsten; Morgner, Uwe; Steinmeyer, Günter[no abstract available]
- ItemSupercontinuum generation by multiple scatterings at a group velocity horizon(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2014) Demircan, Ayhan; Amiranashvli, Shalva; Brée, Carsten; Morgner, Uwe; Steinmeyer, GünterA new scheme for supercontinuum generation covering more than one octave and exhibiting extraordinary high coherence properties has recently been proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 233901 (2013). The scheme is based on two-pulse collision at a group velocity horizon between a dispersive wave and a soliton. Here we demonstrate that the same scheme can be exploited for the generation of supercontinua encompassing the entire transparency region of fused silica, ranging from 300 to 2300nm. At this bandwidth extension, the Raman effect becomes detrimental, yet may be compensated by using a cascaded collision process. Consequently, the high degree of coherence does not degrade even in this extreme scenario.
- ItemOcean rogue waves and their phase space dynamics in the limit of a linear interference model([London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 2016) Birkholz, Simon; Brée, Carsten; Veselić, Ivan; Demircan, Ayhan; Steinmeyer, GünterWe reanalyse the probability for formation of extreme waves using the simple model of linear interference of a finite number of elementary waves with fixed amplitude and random phase fluctuations. Under these model assumptions no rogue waves appear when less than 10 elementary waves interfere with each other. Above this threshold rogue wave formation becomes increasingly likely, with appearance frequencies that may even exceed long-term observations by an order of magnitude. For estimation of the effective number of interfering waves, we suggest the Grassberger-Procaccia dimensional analysis of individual time series. For the ocean system, it is further shown that the resulting phase space dimension may vary, such that the threshold for rogue wave formation is not always reached. Time series analysis as well as the appearance of particular focusing wind conditions may enable an effective forecast of such rogue-wave prone situations. In particular, extracting the dimension from ocean time series allows much more specific estimation of the rogue wave probability.
- ItemMilliradian precision ultrafast pulse control for spectral phase metrology(Washington, DC : Soc., 2021) Stamm, Jacob; Benel, Jorge; Escoto, Esmerando; Steinmeyer, Günter; Dantus, MarcosA pulse-shaper-based method for spectral phase measurement and compression with milliradian precision is proposed and tested experimentally. Measurements of chirp and third-order dispersion are performed and compared to theoretical predictions. The single-digit milliradian accuracy is benchmarked by a group velocity dispersion measurement of fused silica.
- ItemSpace-time focusing and coherence properties of supercontinua in multipass cells(College Park, MD : APS, 2021) Mei, Chao; Steinmeyer, GünterThe situation of self-compression and concomitant supercontinuum generation in a multipass cell is analyzed in numerical simulations. This study focuses on multipass cells that contain a dielectric slab as nonlinear medium and overcompensate the dispersion of the slab with intracavity dispersive coatings. A 2D+1 unidirectional pulse propagation equation is utilized to simulate the pulse evolution through successive passes. We observe a previously unreported effect of space-time focusing, leading to a pronounced blue shift, similar to what had been observed in filament compression experiments before. This effect competes with detrimental pulse breakup, which can nevertheless be mitigated under suitable choice of cavity parameters. We further analyze resulting coherence properties, in both the time and frequency domains. Our analysis shows highly favorable properties of multipass cell compression schemes when nonlinearity and dispersion are distributed over as many cavity passes as possible. This quasicontinuous approach is particularly promising for spectral broadening schemes that allow for stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase.
- ItemCascaded self-compression of femtosecond pulses in filaments(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Brée, Carsten; Bethge, Jens; Skupin, Stefan; Demircan, Ayhan; Steinmeyer, GünterHighly nonlinear wave propagation scenarios hold the potential to serve for energy concentration or pulse duration reduction of the input wave form, provided that a small range of input parameters be maintained. In particular when phenomena like rogue-wave formation or few-cycle optical pulses generation come into play, it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain control of the waveforms. Here we suggest an alternative approach towards the control of waveforms in a highly nonlinear system. Cascading pulse self-compression cycles at reduced nonlinearity limits the increase of input parameter sensitivity while still enabling an enhanced compression effect. This cascaded method is illustrated by experiments and in numerical simulations of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation, simulating the propagation of short optical pulses in a self-generated plasma.