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Author: Valdinoci, Enrico × Subject: Fractional operators ×

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    A new type of identification problems: Optimizing the fractional order in a nonlocal evolution equation
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2016) Sprekels, Jürgen; Valdinoci, Enrico
    In this paper, we consider a rather general linear evolution equation of fractional type, namely a diffusion type problem in which the diffusion operator is the sth power of a positive definite operator having a discrete spectrum in R+. We prove existence, uniqueness and differentiability properties with respect to the fractional parameter s. These results are then employed to derive existence as well as first-order necessary and second-order sufficient optimality conditions for a minimization problem, which is inspired by considerations in mathematical biology. In this problem, the fractional parameter s serves as the control parameter that needs to be chosen in such a way as to minimize a given cost functional. This problem constitutes a new class of identification problems: while usually in identification problems the type of the differential operator is prescribed and one or several of its coefficient functions need to be identified, in the present case one has to determine the type of the differential operator itself. This problem exhibits the inherent analytical difficulty that with changing fractional parameter s also the domain of definition, and thus the underlying function space, of the fractional operator changes.
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    Definition of fractional Laplacian for functions with polynomial growth
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2016) Dipierro, Serena; Savin, Ovidiu; Valdinoci, Enrico
    We introduce a notion of fractional Laplacian for functions which grow more than linearly at infinity. In such case, the operator is not defined in the classical sense: nevertheless, we can give an ad-hoc definition which can be useful for applications in various fields, such as blowup and free boundary problems. In this setting, when the solution has a polynomial growth at infinity, the right hand side of the equation is not just a function, but an equivalence class of functions modulo polynomials of a fixed order. We also give a sharp version of the Schauder estimates in this framework, in which the full smooth Hölder norm of the solution is controlled in terms of the seminorm of the nonlinearity. Though the method presented is very general and potentially works for general nonlocal operators, for clarity and concreteness we focus here on the case of the fractional Laplacian.