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- ItemAuditory cortex modelled as a dynamical network of oscillators: Understanding event-related fields and their adaptation(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Hajizadeh, Aida; Matysiak, Artur; Wolfrum, Matthias; May, Patrick J. C.Adaptation, the reduction of neuronal responses by repetitive stimulation, is a ubiquitous feature of auditory cortex (AC). It is not clear what causes adaptation, but short-term synaptic depression (STSD) is a potential candidate for the underlying mechanism. We examined this hypothesis via a computational model based on AC anatomy, which includes serially connected core, belt, and parabelt areas. The model replicates the event-related field (ERF) of the magnetoencephalogram as well as ERF adaptation. The model dynamics are described by excitatory and inhibitory state variables of cell populations, with the excitatory connections modulated by STSD. We analysed the system dynamics by linearizing the firing rates and solving the STSD equation using time-scale separation. This allows for characterization of AC dynamics as a superposition of damped harmonic oscillators, so-called normal modes. We show that repetition suppression of the N1m is due to a mixture of causes, with stimulus repetition modifying both the amplitudes and the frequencies of the normal modes. In this view, adaptation results from a complete reorganization of AC dynamics rather than a reduction of activity in discrete sources. Further, both the network structure and the balance between excitation and inhibition contribute significantly to the rate with which AC recovers from adaptation. This lifetime of adaptation is longer in the belt and parabelt than in the core area, despite the time constants of STSD being spatially constant. Finally, we critically evaluate the use of a single exponential function to describe recovery from adaptation.
- ItemThe link between coherence echoes and mode locking(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Eydam, Sebastian; Wolfrum, MatthiasWe investigate the appearance of sharp pulses in the mean field of Kuramoto-type globally- coupled phase oscillator systems. In systems with exactly equidistant natural frequencies self- organized periodic pulsations of the mean field, called mode locking, have been described re- cently as a new collective dynamics below the synchronization threshold. We show here that mode locking can appear also for frequency combs with modes of finite width, where the natu- ral frequencies are randomly chosen from equidistant frequency intervals. In contrast to that, so called coherence echoes, which manifest themselves also as pulses in the mean field, have been found in systems with completely disordered natural frequencies as the result of two consecutive stimulations applied to the system. We show that such echo pulses can be explained by a stimula- tion induced mode locking of a subpopulation representing a frequency comb. Moreover, we find that the presence of a second harmonic in the interaction function, which can lead to the global stability of the mode-locking regime for equidistant natural frequencies, can enhance the echo phenomenon significantly. The non-monotonous behavior of echo amplitudes can be explained as a result of the linear dispersion within the self-organized mode-locked frequency comb. Fi- nally we investigate the effect of small periodic stimulations on oscillator systems with disordered natural frequencies and show how the global coupling can support the stimulated pulsation by increasing the width of locking plateaus.
- ItemMultiple self-locking in the Kuramoto--Sakaguchi system with delay(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Wolfrum, Matthias; Yanchuk, Serhiy; D'Huys, OttiWe study the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi system of phase oscillators with a delayed mean-field coupling. By applying the theory of large delay to the corresponding Ott--Antonsen equation, we explain fully analytically the mechanisms for the appearance of multiple coexisting partially locked states. Closely above the onset of synchronization, these states emerge in the Eckhaus scenario: with increasing coupling, more and more partially locked states appear unstable from the incoherent state, and gain stability for larger coupling at a modulational stability boundary. The partially locked states with strongly detuned frequencies are shown to emerge subcritical and gain stability only after a fold and a series of Hopf bifurcations. We also discuss the role of the Sakaguchi phase lag parameter. For small delays, it determines, together with the delay time, the attraction or repulsion to the central frequency, which leads to supercritical or subcritical behavior, respectively. For large delay, the Sakaguchi parameter does not influence the global dynamical scenario.
- ItemBumps, chimera states, and Turing patterns in systems of coupled active rotators(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Franović, Igor; Omel'chenko, Oleh E.; Wolfrum, MatthiasSelf-organized coherence-incoherence patterns, called chimera states, have first been reported in systems of Kuramoto oscillators. For coupled excitable units, similar patterns where coherent units are at rest, are called bump states. Here, we study bumps in an array of active rotators coupled by non-local attraction and global repulsion. We demonstrate how they can emerge in a supercritical scenario from completely coherent Turing patterns: a single incoherent unit appears in a homoclinic bifurcation, undergoing subsequent transitions to quasiperiodic and chaotic behavior, which eventually transforms into extensive chaos with many incoherent units. We present different types of transitions and explain the formation of coherence-incoherence patterns according to the classical paradigm of short-range activation and long-range inhibition.
- ItemNoise-induced dynamical regimes in a system of globally coupled excitable units(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Klinshov, Vladimir V.; Kirillov, Sergey Yu.; Nekorkin, Vladimir I.; Wolfrum, MatthiasWe study the interplay of global attractive coupling and individual noise in a system of identical active rotators in the excitable regime. Performing a numerical bifurcation analysis of the nonlocal nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation for the thermodynamic limit, we identify a complex bifurcation scenario with regions of different dynamical regimes, including collective oscillations and coexistence of states with different levels of activity. In systems of finite size this leads to additional dynamical features, such as collective excitability of different types, noise-induced switching and bursting. Moreover, we show how characteristic quantities such as macroscopic and microscopic variability of inter spike intervals can depend in a non-monotonous way on the noise level.
- ItemAbsolute stability and absolute hyperbolicity in systems with discrete time-delays(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Yanchuk, Serhiy; Wolfrum, Matthias; Pereira, Tiago; Turaev, DmitryAn equilibrium of a delay differential equation (DDE) is absolutely stable, if it is locally asymptotically stable for all delays. We present criteria for absolute stability of DDEs with discrete timedelays. In the case of a single delay, the absolute stability is shown to be equivalent to asymptotic stability for sufficiently large delays. Similarly, for multiple delays, the absolute stability is equivalent to asymptotic stability for hierarchically large delays. Additionally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear DDE to be hyperbolic for all delays. The latter conditions are crucial for determining whether a system can have stabilizing or destabilizing bifurcations by varying time delays.
- ItemDynamics of a stochastic excitable system with slowly adapting feedback(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2020) Franović, Igor; Yanchuk, Serhiy; Eydam, Sebastian; Bačić, Iva; Wolfrum, MatthiasWe study an excitable active rotator with slowly adapting nonlinear feedback and noise. Depending on the adaptation and the noise level, this system may display noise-induced spiking, noise-perturbed oscillations, or stochastic busting. We show how the system exhibits transitions between these dynamical regimes, as well as how one can enhance or suppress the coherence resonance, or effectively control the features of the stochastic bursting. The setup can be considered as a paradigmatic model for a neuron with a slow recovery variable or, more generally, as an excitable system under the influence of a nonlinear control mechanism. We employ a multiple timescale approach that combines the classical adiabatic elimination with averaging of rapid oscillations and stochastic averaging of noise-induced fluctuations by a corresponding stationary Fokker-Planck equation. This allows us to perform a numerical bifurcation analysis of a reduced slow system and to determine the parameter regions associated with different types of dynamics. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of a region of bistability, where the noise-induced switching between a stationary and an oscillatory regime gives rise to stochastic bursting.