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    Addressing the Reproducibility of Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2019) Marx, Maximilian; Mele, Andrea; Spannenberg, Anke; Steinlechner, Christoph; Junge, Henrik; Schollhammer, Philippe; Beller, Matthias
    Reproducibility of photocatalytic reactions, especially when conducted on small scale for improved turnover numbers with in situ formed catalysts can prove challenging. Herein, we showcase the problematic reproducibility on the example of attractive photocatalytic CO2 reduction utilizing [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics. These Fe complexes, well-known for their application in proton reduction reactions, were combined with a heteroleptic Cu photosensitizer and produced CO/H2/HCO2H mixtures of variable constitution. However, the reactions indicated a poor reproducibility, even when conducted with well-defined complexes. Based on our experience, we make suggestions for scientists working in the field of photocatalysis on how to address and report the reproducibility of novel photocatalytic reaction protocols. In addition, we would like to highlight the importance of studying reproducibility of novel reaction protocols, especially in the fields of photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction, where TONs are widely used as the comparable measure for catalytic activity. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
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    Judging the feasibility of TiO2 as photocatalyst for chemical energy conversion by quantitative reactivity determinants
    (Cambridge : RSC Publ., 2019) Dilla, Martin; Moustakas, Nikolaos G.; Becerikli, Ahmet E.; Peppel, Tim; Springer, Armin; Schlögl, Robert; Strunk, Jennifer; Ristig, Simon
    In this study we assess the general applicability of the widely used P25-TiO2 in gas-phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction based on experimentally determined reactivity descriptors from classical heterogeneous catalysis (productivity) and photochemistry (apparent quantum yield/AQY). A comparison of the results with reports on the use of P25 for thermodynamically more feasible reactions and our own previous studies on P25-TiO2 as photocatalyst imply that the catalytic functionality of this material, rather than its properties as photoabsorber, limits its applicability in the heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction in the gas phase. The AQY of IrOx/TiO2 in overall water splitting in a similar high-purity gas-solid process was four times as high, but still far from commercial viability.