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Determination of the Azimuthal Extent of Coherent E‐Region Scatter Using the ICEBEAR Linear Receiver Array
The Ionospheric Continuous-wave E-region Bistatic Experimental Auroral Radar (ICEBEAR) is a VHF coherent scatter radar that operates with a field-of-view centered on 58°N, 106°W and measures characteristics of ionospheric E-region plasma density irregularities. The initial operations of ICEBEAR utilized a wavelength-spaced linear receiving array to determine the angle of arrival of the ionospheric scatter at the receiver site. Initially only the shortest baselines were used to determine the angle of arrival of the scatter. This publication uses this linear antenna array configuration and expands on the initial angle of arrival determination by including all the cross-spectra available from the antenna array to determine both the azimuthal angle of arrival and the azimuthal extent of the incoming ionospheric scatter. This is accomplished by fitting Gaussian distributions to the complex coherence of the signal between different antennas and deriving the azimuthal angle and extent based on the best fit. Fourteen hours of data during an active ionospheric period (March 10, 2018, 0–14 UT) were analyzed to investigate the Gaussian fitting procedure and determine its feasibility for implementation with ICEBEAR. A comparison between mapped scatter, both neglecting azimuthal extent and including azimuthal extent is presented. It demonstrates that the azimuthal extent of the ionospheric E-region scatter is very important for accurately portraying and analyzing the ICEBEAR measurements.
Virtual Testing of Geometrically Imperfect Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures
Additively manufactured lattice structures increase the lightweight potential of components for technical applications. When modelling the mechanical behaviour of those lattice structures, imperfections within the structures need to be considered. In this contribution we investigate the effect of process induced pores of varying size and location inside the lattice structure during pressure tests using a 2D minimal model in two configurations. It shows that the location of pores with respect to the configuration of the model has a strong influence on whether the imperfection decreases the mechanical performance.