Filters

20213

More filters

20223
Reset filters

Settings

End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Has files: Yes × Type: Article × Subject: Biodiversity ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere
    (Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2021) Folke, Carl; Polasky, Stephen; Rockström, Johan; Galaz, Victor; Westley, Frances; Lamont, Michèle; Scheffer, Marten; Österblom, Henrik; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Seto, Karen C.; Weber, Elke U.; Crona, Beatrice I.; Daily, Gretchen C.; Dasgupta, Partha; Gaffney, Owen; Gordon, Line J.; Hoff, Holger; Levin, Simon A.; Lubchenco, Jane; Steffen, Will; Walker, Brian H.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality—of rising system-wide turbulence—calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations. © 2021, The Author(s).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Resolving ecological feedbacks on the ocean carbon sink in Earth system models
    (Göttingen : Copernicus Publ., 2021) Armstrong McKay, David I.; Cornell, Sarah E.; Richardson, Katherine; Rockström, Johan
    The Earth's oceans are one of the largest sinks in the Earth system for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, acting as a negative feedback on climate change. Earth system models project that climate change will lead to a weakening ocean carbon uptake rate as warm water holds less dissolved CO2 and as biological productivity declines. However, most Earth system models do not incorporate the impact of warming on bacterial remineralisation and rely on simplified representations of plankton ecology that do not resolve the potential impact of climate change on ecosystem structure or elemental stoichiometry. Here, we use a recently developed extension of the cGEnIE (carbon-centric Grid Enabled Integrated Earth system model), ecoGEnIE, featuring a trait-based scheme for plankton ecology (ECOGEM), and also incorporate cGEnIE's temperature-dependent remineralisation (TDR) scheme. This enables evaluation of the impact of both ecological dynamics and temperature-dependent remineralisation on particulate organic carbon (POC) export in response to climate change. We find that including TDR increases cumulative POC export relative to default runs due to increased nutrient recycling (+∼1.3 %), whereas ECOGEM decreases cumulative POC export by enabling a shift to smaller plankton classes (−∼0.9 %). However, interactions with carbonate chemistry cause opposite sign responses for the carbon sink in both cases: TDR leads to a smaller sink relative to default runs (−∼1.0 %), whereas ECOGEM leads to a larger sink (+∼0.2 %). Combining TDR and ECOGEM results in a net strengthening of POC export (+∼0.1 %) and a net reduction in carbon sink (−∼0.7 %) relative to default. These results illustrate the degree to which ecological dynamics and biodiversity modulate the strength of the biological pump, and demonstrate that Earth system models need to incorporate ecological complexity in order to resolve non-linear climate–biosphere feedbacks.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties
    (London : Nature Publ. Group, 2021) Phillips, Helen R. P.; Bach, Elizabeth M.; Bartz, Marie L. C.; Bennett, Joanne M.; Beugnon, Rémy; Briones, Maria J. I.; Brown, George G.; Ferlian, Olga; Gongalsky, Konstantin B.; Guerra, Carlos A.; König-Ries, Birgitta; López-Hernández, Danilo; Loss, Scott R.; Marichal, Raphael; Matula, Radim; Minamiya, Yukio; Moos, Jan Hendrik; Moreno, Gerardo; Morón-Ríos, Alejandro; Motohiro, Hasegawa; Muys, Bart; Krebs, Julia J.; Neirynck, Johan; Norgrove, Lindsey; Novo, Marta; Nuutinen, Visa; Nuzzo, Victoria; Mujeeb Rahman, P.; Pansu, Johan; Paudel, Shishir; Pérès, Guénola; Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo; Orgiazzi, Alberto; Ponge, Jean-François; Prietzel, Jörg; Rapoport, Irina B.; Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz; Rebollo, Salvador; Rodríguez, Miguel Á.; Roth, Alexander M.; Rousseau, Guillaume X.; Rozen, Anna; Sayad, Ehsan; Ramirez, Kelly S.; van Schaik, Loes; Scharenbroch, Bryant; Schirrmann, Michael; Schmidt, Olaf; Schröder, Boris; Seeber, Julia; Shashkov, Maxim P.; Singh, Jaswinder; Smith, Sandy M.; Steinwandter, Michael; Russell, David J.; Szlavecz, Katalin; Talavera, José Antonio; Trigo, Dolores; Tsukamoto, Jiro; Uribe-López, Sheila; de Valença, Anne W.; Virto, Iñigo; Wackett, Adrian A.; Warren, Matthew W.; Webster, Emily R.; Schwarz, Benjamin; Wehr, Nathaniel H.; Whalen, Joann K.; Wironen, Michael B.; Wolters, Volkmar; Wu, Pengfei; Zenkova, Irina V.; Zhang, Weixin; Cameron, Erin K.; Eisenhauer, Nico; Wall, Diana H.; Brose, Ulrich; Decaëns, Thibaud; Lavelle, Patrick; Loreau, Michel; Mathieu, Jérôme; Mulder, Christian; van der Putten, Wim H.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Thakur, Madhav P.; de Vries, Franciska T.; Wardle, David A.; Ammer, Christian; Ammer, Sabine; Arai, Miwa; Ayuke, Fredrick O.; Baker, Geoff H.; Baretta, Dilmar; Barkusky, Dietmar; Beauséjour, Robin; Bedano, Jose C.; Birkhofer, Klaus; Blanchart, Eric; Blossey, Bernd; Bolger, Thomas; Bradley, Robert L.; Brossard, Michel; Burtis, James C.; Capowiez, Yvan; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.; Choi, Amy; Clause, Julia; Cluzeau, Daniel; Coors, Anja; Crotty, Felicity V.; Crumsey, Jasmine M.; Dávalos, Andrea; Cosín, Darío J. Díaz; Dobson, Annise M.; Domínguez, Anahí; Duhour, Andrés Esteban; van Eekeren, Nick; Emmerling, Christoph; Falco, Liliana B.; Fernández, Rosa; Fonte, Steven J.; Fragoso, Carlos; Franco, André L. C.; Fusilero, Abegail; Geraskina, Anna P.; Gholami, Shaieste; González, Grizelle; Gundale, Michael J.; López, Mónica Gutiérrez; Hackenberger, Branimir K.; Hackenberger, Davorka K.; Hernández, Luis M.; Hirth, Jeff R.; Hishi, Takuo; Holdsworth, Andrew R.; Holmstrup, Martin; Hopfensperger, Kristine N.; Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta; Huhta, Veikko; Hurisso, Tunsisa T.; Iannone, Basil V.; Iordache, Madalina; Irmler, Ulrich; Ivask, Mari; Jesús, Juan B.; Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L.; Joschko, Monika; Kaneko, Nobuhiro; Kanianska, Radoslava; Keith, Aidan M.; Kernecker, Maria L.; Koné, Armand W.; Kooch, Yahya; Kukkonen, Sanna T.; Lalthanzara, H.; Lammel, Daniel R.; Lebedev, Iurii M.; Le Cadre, Edith; Lincoln, Noa K.
    Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.