Filters

20222

More filters

20232
Reset filters

Settings

End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Version: publishedVersion × Publisher: Berlin : Springer ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome
    (Berlin : Springer, 2022) Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi; Buko, Aisa; Kusstatscher, Peter; Cernava, Tomislav; Sinkkonen, Aki; Laitinen, Olli H.; Virtanen, Suvi M.; Hyöty, Heikki; Berg, Gabriele
    Vegetables and fruits are a crucial part of the planetary health diet, directly affecting human health and the gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to understand the variability of the fruit (apple and blueberry) microbiome in the frame of the exposome concept. The study covered two fruit-bearing woody species, apple and blueberry, two countries of origin (Austria and Finland), and two fruit production methods (naturally grown and horticultural). Microbial abundance, diversity, and community structures were significantly different for apples and blueberries and strongly influenced by the growing system (naturally grown or horticultural) and country of origin (Austria or Finland). Our results indicated that bacterial communities are more responsive towards these factors than fungal communities. We found that fruits grown in the wild and within home gardens generally carry a higher microbial diversity, while commercial horticulture homogenized the microbiome independent of the country of origin. This can be explained by horticultural management, including pesticide use and post-harvest treatments. Specific taxonomic indicators were identified for each group, i.e., for horticultural apples: Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Stenotrophomonas. Interestingly, Ralstonia was also found to be enriched in horticultural blueberries in comparison to such that were home and wildly grown. Our study showed that the origin of fruits can strongly influence the diversity and composition of their microbiome, which means that we are exposed to different microorganisms by eating fruits from different origins. Thus, the fruit microbiome needs to be considered an important but relatively unexplored external exposomic factor.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effect of scanning strategy on microstructure and mechanical properties of a biocompatible Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta alloy processed by laser-powder bed fusion
    (Berlin : Springer, 2022) Batalha, Weverson Capute; Batalha, Rodolfo Lisboa; Kosiba, Konrad; Kiminami, Claudio Shyinti; Gargarella, Piter
    The influence of scanning strategy (SS) on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta alloy processed by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is investigated for the first time. Three SSs are considered: unidirectional-Y; bi-directional with 79° rotation (R79); and chessboard (CHB). The SSs affect the type and distribution of pores. The highest relative densities and more homogeneous distribution of pores are obtained with R79 and CHB scanning strategies, whereas aligned pores are formed in the unidirectional-Y. The SSs show direct influence on the crystallographic texture with unidirectional-Y strategy showing fiber texture. The R79 strategy results in a weak texture and the CHB scanning strategy forms a randomly oriented heterogeneous grain structure. The lowest Young modulus is obtained with the unidirectional-Y strategy, whereas the R79 strategy results in the highest yield strength. It is shown that the SSs may be used for tuning the microstructure of a beta-Ti alloy in L-PBF.