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Start date: 2020 × DDC: 540 × Subject: Desalination × WGL Institute: INM ×

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Emerging, hydrogen-driven electrochemical water purification
    (Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2022) Suss, M.E.; Zhang, Y.; Atlas, I.; Gendel, Y.; Ruck, E.B.; Presser, V.
    Energy-efficient technologies for the remediation of water and generation of drinking water is a key towards sustainable technologies. Electrochemical desalination technologies are promising alternatives towards established methods, such as reverse osmosis or nanofiltration. In the last few years, hydrogen-driven electrochemical water purification has emerged. This review article explores the concept of desalination fuel cells and capacitive-Faradaic fuel cells for ion separation.
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    Dual-Zinc Electrode Electrochemical Desalination
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Dai, J.; Wang, J.; Hou, X.; Ru, Q.; He, Q.; Srimuk, P.; Presser, V.; Chen, F.
    Continuous and low-energy desalination technologies are in high demand to enable sustainable water remediation. Our work introduces a continuous desalination process based on the redox reaction of a dual-zinc electrode. The system consists of two zinc foils as redox electrodes with flowing ZnCl2 electrolyte, concentrated and diluted salt streams with three anion- and cation-exchange membranes (AEM and CEM) separated configuration (AEM|CEM|AEM). If a constant current is applied, the negative zinc electrode is oxidized, and electrons are released to the external circuit, whereas the positive zinc electrode is reduced, causing salt removal in the dilution stream. The results showed that brackish water can be directly desalted to 380.6 ppm during a continuous batch-mode process. The energy consumption can be as low as 35.30 kJ mol−1 at a current density of 0.25 mA cm−2, which is comparable to reverse osmosis. In addition, the dual-zinc electrode electrochemical desalination demonstrates excellent rate performance, reversibility, and batch cyclability through electrode exchange regeneration. Our research provides a route for continuous low-energy desalination based on metal redox mediators.
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    High-performance ion removal via zinc–air desalination
    (Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2020) Srimuk, P.; Wang, L.; Budak, Ö.; Presser, V.
    Electrochemical processes enable a new generation of energy-efficient desalination technologies. While ion electrosorption via capacitive deionization is only suitable for brackish water with low molar strength, the use of Faradaic materials capable of reversible ion intercalation or conversion reactions allows energy-efficient removal of ions from seawater. However, the limited charge transfer/storage capacity of Faradaic materials indicates an upper limit for their desalination applications. Therefore, a new electrochemical concept must be explored to exceed the current state-of-the-art results and to push the desalination capacity beyond 100–200 mgNaCl/gelectrode. In this proof-of-concept work, we introduce the new concept of using metal–air battery technology for desalination. We do so by presenting performance data for zinc–air desalination (ZAD) in 600 mM NaCl. The ZAD cell provides a desalination capacity of 0.9–1.0 mgNaCl/cm2 (normalized to the membrane area; corresponding to 1300 mgNaCl/gZn) with a charge efficiency of 70% when charging/discharging the cell at 1 mA/cm2. The energy consumption of ZAD is 68–92 kJ/mol.