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- ItemDataset on permeability of wings from owls and non-silently flying birds(Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2024) Geyer, Thomas F.; Windisch, Thomas; Fritzsche, Christoph; Sarradj, EnnesThe very soft and flow-permeable plumage is among the special adaptations of the owl that the silent flight is attributed to. Using a specially designed apparatus that provides a low-speed volume flow of air through a small sample of porous material, measurements of the air flow permeability were performed in accordance to ISO 9053 on a total of 39 prepared wing specimen from six different bird species, including three species of silently flying owls and three non-silently flying bird species. The resulting data set described in the present paper contains the static airflow resistance measured at different positions on the wing.
- ItemExpanding the genetic programmability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2024) Blanch‐Asensio, Marc; Dey, Sourik; Tadimarri, Varun Sai; Sankaran, ShrikrishnanLactobacilli are ubiquitous in nature and symbiotically provide health benefits for countless organisms including humans, animals and plants. They are vital for the fermented food industry and are being extensively explored for healthcare applications. For all these reasons, there is considerable interest in enhancing and controlling their capabilities through the engineering of genetic modules and circuits. One of the most robust and reliable microbial chassis for these synthetic biology applications is the widely used Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species. However, the genetic toolkit needed to advance its applicability remains poorly equipped. This mini-review highlights the genetic parts that have been discovered to achieve food-grade recombinant protein production and speculates on lessons learned from these studies for L. plantarum engineering. Furthermore, strategies to identify, create and optimize genetic parts for real-time regulation of gene expression and enhancement of biosafety are also suggested.
- ItemSteering of Vortices by Magnetic Field Tilting in Open Superconductor Nanotubes(Basel : MDPI, 2024) Bogush, Igor; Fomin, Vladimir M.; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.In planar superconductor thin films, the places of nucleation and arrangements of moving vortices are determined by structural defects. However, various applications of superconductors require reconfigurable steering of fluxons, which is hard to realize with geometrically predefined vortex pinning landscapes. Here, on the basis of the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation, we present an approach for the steering of vortex chains and vortex jets in superconductor nanotubes containing a slit. The idea is based on the tilting of the magnetic field (Formula presented.) at an angle (Formula presented.) in the plane perpendicular to the axis of a nanotube carrying an azimuthal transport current. Namely, while at (Formula presented.), vortices move paraxially in opposite directions within each half-tube; an increase in (Formula presented.) displaces the areas with the close-to-maximum normal component (Formula presented.) to the close(opposite)-to-slit regions, giving rise to descending (ascending) branches in the induced-voltage frequency spectrum (Formula presented.). At lower B values, upon reaching the critical angle (Formula presented.), the close-to-slit vortex chains disappear, yielding (Formula presented.) of the (Formula presented.) type ((Formula presented.) : an integer; (Formula presented.) : the vortex nucleation frequency). At higher B values, (Formula presented.) is largely blurry because of multifurcations of vortex trajectories, leading to the coexistence of a vortex jet with two vortex chains at (Formula presented.). In addition to prospects for the tuning of GHz-frequency spectra and the steering of vortices as information bits, our findings lay the foundation for on-demand tuning of vortex arrangements in 3D superconductor membranes in tilted magnetic fields.
- ItemStructural Behaviour and Charge-Compensation Mechanism in Li2Fe1−xCoxSeO Solid Solutions during Reversible Delithiation(Basel : MDPI, 2024) Gorbunov, Mikhail V.; Mikhailova, DariaThe constantly growing demand for renewable electrical energy keeps the continuation of battery-related research imperative. In spite of significant progress made in the development of Na- and K-ion systems, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) still prevail in the fields of portative devices and electric or hybrid vehicles. Since the amount of lithium on our planet is significantly limited, studies dedicated to the search for and development of novel materials, which would make LIBs more efficient in terms of their specific characteristics and life lengths, are necessary. Investigations of less industry-related systems are also important, as they provide general knowledge which helps in understanding directions and strategies for the improvement of applied materials. The current paper represents a comprehensive study of cubic Li2Fe1−xCoxSeO compounds with an anti-perovskite structure. These solid solutions demonstrate both cationic and anionic electrochemical activity in lithium cells while being applied as cathodes. Cobalt cations remain inactive; however, their amount in the structure defines if the Se0/Se2− or Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple dominates the charge compensation mechanism upon (de)lithiation. Apart from that, cobalt affects the structural stability of the materials during cycling. These effects were evaluated by means of operando XRD and XAS techniques. The outcomes can be useful for both fundamental and practice-relevant research.
- ItemSemantic units: organizing knowledge graphs into semantically meaningful units of representation(London : BioMed Central, 2024) Vogt, Lars; Kuhn, Tobias; Hoehndorf, RobertBackground In today’s landscape of data management, the importance of knowledge graphs and ontologies is escalating as critical mechanisms aligned with the FAIR Guiding Principles—ensuring data and metadata are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. We discuss three challenges that may hinder the effective exploitation of the full potential of FAIR knowledge graphs. Results We introduce “semantic units” as a conceptual solution, although currently exemplified only in a limited prototype. Semantic units structure a knowledge graph into identifiable and semantically meaningful subgraphs by adding another layer of triples on top of the conventional data layer. Semantic units and their subgraphs are represented by their own resource that instantiates a corresponding semantic unit class. We distinguish statement and compound units as basic categories of semantic units. A statement unit is the smallest, independent proposition that is semantically meaningful for a human reader. Depending on the relation of its underlying proposition, it consists of one or more triples. Organizing a knowledge graph into statement units results in a partition of the graph, with each triple belonging to exactly one statement unit. A compound unit, on the other hand, is a semantically meaningful collection of statement and compound units that form larger subgraphs. Some semantic units organize the graph into different levels of representational granularity, others orthogonally into different types of granularity trees or different frames of reference, structuring and organizing the knowledge graph into partially overlapping, partially enclosed subgraphs, each of which can be referenced by its own resource. Conclusions Semantic units, applicable in RDF/OWL and labeled property graphs, offer support for making statements about statements and facilitate graph-alignment, subgraph-matching, knowledge graph profiling, and for management of access restrictions to sensitive data. Additionally, we argue that organizing the graph into semantic units promotes the differentiation of ontological and discursive information, and that it also supports the differentiation of multiple frames of reference within the graph.