2023, Müller, Rüdiger, Landstorfer, Manuel

In this work, the balance equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are coupled to Galilean limit systems of the Maxwell equations, i.e., either to (i) the quasi-electrostatic limit or (ii) the quasi-magnetostatic limit. We explicitly consider a volume (Formula presented.), which is divided into (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) by a possibly moving singular surface S, where a charged reacting mixture of a viscous medium can be present on each geometrical entity (Formula presented.). By the restriction to the Galilean limits of the Maxwell equations, we achieve that only subsystems of equations for matter and electromagnetic fields are coupled that share identical transformation properties with respect to observer transformations. Moreover, the application of an entropy principle becomes more straightforward and finally helps estimate the limitations of the more general approach based the full set of Maxwell equations. Constitutive relations are provided based on an entropy principle, and particular care is taken in the analysis of the stress tensor and the momentum balance in the general case of non-constant scalar susceptibility. Finally, we summarise the application of the derived model framework to an electrochemical system with surface reactions.

2019, Münch, Andreas, Wagner, Barbara

The most successful mean-field model to describe the collective behaviour of the large class of macromolecular polymers is the self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Still, even for the simple system of a grafted dry polymer brush, the mean-field equations have to be solved numerically. As one of very few alternatives that offer some analytical tractability the strong-stretching theory (SST) has led to explicit expressions for the effective chemical potential and consequently the free energy to promote an understanding of the underlying physics. Yet, a direct derivation of these analytical results from the SCFT model is still outstanding. In this study we present a systematic asymptotic theory based on matched asymtptotic expansions to obtain the effective chemical potential from the SCFT model for a dry polymer brush for large but finite stretching.

2014, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Guhlke, Clemens, Müller, Rüdiger

We consider the contact between an electrolyte and a solid electrode. At first we formulate a thermodynamic consistent model that resolves boundary layers at interfaces. The model includes charge transport, diffusion, chemical reactions, viscosity, elasticity and polarization under isothermal conditions. There is a coupling between these phenomena that particularly involves the local pressure in the electrolyte. Therefore the momentum balance is of major importance for the correct description of the layers. The width of the boundary layers is typically very small compared to the macroscopic dimensions of the system. In a second step we thus apply the method of asymptotic analysis to derive a simpler reduced model that does not resolve the boundary layers but instead incorporates the electrochemical properties of the layers into a set of new boundary conditions. For a metal-electrolyte interface, we derive a qualitative description of the double layer capacitance without the need to resolve space charge layers.

2013, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Giesselmann, Jan, Kraus, Christiane

We introduce a new thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model of AllenCahn/NavierStokes type for multi-component flows with phase transitions and chemical reactions. For the introduced diffuse interface model, we investigate physically admissible sharp interface limits by matched asymptotic techniques. We consider two scaling regimes, i.e. a non-dissipative and a dissipative regime, where we recover in the sharp interface limit a generalized Allen-Cahn/Euler system for mixtures with chemical reactions in the bulk phases equipped with admissible interfacial conditions. The interfacial conditions satify, for instance, a YoungLaplace and a Stefan type law.

2012, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Guhlke, Clemens, Müller, Rüdiger

This is a study on electrolytes that takes a thermodynamically consistent coupling between mechanics and diffusion into account. It removes some inherent deficiencies of the popular Nernst-Planck model. A boundary problem for equilibrium processes is used to illustrate the new features of our model.

2015, Colli, Pierluigi, Gilardi, Gianni, Rocca, Elisabetta, Sprekels, Jürgen

In this paper we perform an asymptotic analysis for two different vanishing viscosity coefficients occurring in a phase field system of Cahn--Hilliard type that was recently introduced in order to approximate a tumor growth model. In particular, we extend some recent results obtained in [Colli-Gilardi-Hilhorst 2015], letting the two positive viscosity parameters tend to zero independently from each other and weakening the conditions on the initial data in such a way as to maintain the nonlinearities of the PDE system as general as possible. Finally, under proper growth conditions on the interaction potential, we prove an error estimate leading also to the uniqueness result for the limit system.

2014, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Giesselmann, Jan, Kraus, Christiane

A novel thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model is derived for compressible electrolytes with phase transitions. The fluid mixtures may consist of N constituents with the phases liquid and vapor, where both phases may coexist. In addition, all constituents may consist of polarizable and magnetizable matter. Our introduced thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model may be regarded as a generalized model of Allen-Cahn/Navier-Stokes/Poisson type for multi-component flows with phase transitions and electrochemical reactions. For the introduced diffuse interface model, we investigate physically admissible sharp interface limits by matched asymptotic techniques. We consider two scaling regimes, i.e. a non-coupled and a coupled regime, where the coupling takes place between the smallness parameter in the Poisson equation and the width of the interface. We recover in the sharp interface limit a generalized Allen-Cahn/Euler/Poisson system for mixtures with electrochemical reactions in the bulk phases equipped with admissible interfacial conditions. The interfacial conditions satisfy, for instance, a generalized Gibbs-Thomson law and a dynamic Young-Laplace law.

2015, Colli, Pierluigi, Gilardi, Gianni, Rocca, Elisabetta, Sprekels, Jürgen

This paper is concerned with a phase field system of Cahn-Hilliard type that is related to a tumor growth model and consists of three equations in gianni terms of the variables order parameter, chemical potential and nutrient concentration. This system has been investigated in the recent papers citeCGH and citeCGRS gianni from the viewpoint of well-posedness, long time bhv and asymptotic convergence as two positive viscosity coefficients tend to zero at the same time. Here, we continue the analysis performed in citeCGRS by showing two independent sets of results as just one of the coefficents tends to zero, the other remaining fixed. We prove convergence results, uniqueness of solutions to the two resulting limit problems, and suitable error estimates

2013, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Guhlke, Clemens, Müller, Rüdiger

We derive the boundary conditions for the contact between an electrolyte and a solid electrode. At first we revisit the thermodynamic consistent complete model that resolves the actual electrodeelectrolyte interface and its adjacent boundary layers. The width of these layers is controlled by the Debye length that is typically very small, leading to strongly different length scales in the system. We apply the method of asymptotic analysis to derive a simpler reduced model that does not resolve the boundary layers but instead incorporates the electrochemical properties of the layers into a set of new boundary conditions. This approach fully determines the relation of bulk quantities to the boundary conditions of the reduced model. In particular, the Butler-Volmer equations for electrochemical reactions, which are still under discussion in the literature, are rational consequences of our approach. For illustration and to compare with the literature, we consider a simple generic reaction.

2012, Aki, Gonca, Dreyer, Wolfgang, Giesselmann, Jan, Kraus, Christine

This work introduces a new thermodynamically consistent diffuse model for two-component flows of incompressible fluids. For the introduced diffuse interface model, we investigate physically admissible sharp interface limits by matched asymptotic techniques. To this end, we consider two scaling regimes where in one case we recover the Euler equations and in the other case the Navier-Stokes equations in the bulk phases equipped with admissible interfacial conditions. For the Navier-Stokes regime, we further assume the densities of the fluids are close to each other in the sense of a small parameter which is related to the interfacial thickness of the diffuse model.