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    Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map
    (Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer Open, 2022) Alonso, Iván; Alpigiani, Cristiano; Altschul, Brett; Araújo, Henrique; Arduini, Gianluigi; Arlt, Jan; Badurina, Leonardo; Balaž, Antun; Bandarupally, Satvika; Barish, Barry C.; Barone, Michele; Reguzzoni, Mirko; Richaud, Andrea; Riou, Isabelle; Rothacher, Markus; Roura, Albert; Ruschhaupt, Andreas; Sabulsky, Dylan O.; Safronova, Marianna; Saltas, Ippocratis D.; Bernabeu, Jose; Haehnelt, Martin; Salvi, Leonardo; Sameed, Muhammed; Saurabh, Pandey; Schäffer, Stefan; Schiller, Stephan; Schilling, Manuel; Schkolnik, Vladimir; Schlippert, Dennis; Schmidt, Piet O.; Schnatz, Harald; Hanımeli, Ekim T.; Bertoldi, Andrea; Schneider, Jean; Schneider, Ulrich; Schreck, Florian; Schubert, Christian; Shayeghi, Armin; Sherrill, Nathaniel; Shipsey, Ian; Signorini, Carla; Singh, Rajeev; Hawkins, Leonie; Singh, Yeshpal; Bingham, Robert; Skordis, Constantinos; Smerzi, Augusto; Sopuerta, Carlos F.; Sorrentino, Fiodor; Sphicas, Paraskevas; Stadnik, Yevgeny V.; Stefanescu, Petruta; Tarallo, Marco G.; Hees, Aurélien; Tentindo, Silvia; Tino, Guglielmo M.; Bize, Sébastien; Tinsley, Jonathan N.; Tornatore, Vincenza; Treutlein, Philipp; Trombettoni, Andrea; Tsai, Yu-Dai; Tuckey, Philip; Uchida, Melissa A.; Henderson, Victoria A.; Valenzuela, Tristan; Van Den Bossche, Mathias; Vaskonen, Ville; Blas, Diego; Verma, Gunjan; Vetrano, Flavio; Vogt, Christian; von Klitzing, Wolf; Waller, Pierre; Walser, Reinhold; Herr, Waldemar; Wille, Eric; Williams, Jason; Windpassinger, Patrick; Wittrock, Ulrich; Bongs, Kai; Wolf, Peter; Woltmann, Marian; Wörner, Lisa; Xuereb, André; Yahia, Mohamed; Herrmann, Sven; Yazgan, Efe; Yu, Nan; Zahzam, Nassim; Zambrini Cruzeiro, Emmanuel; Zhan, Mingsheng; Bouyer, Philippe; Zou, Xinhao; Zupan, Jure; Zupanič, Erik; Braitenberg, Carla; Hird, Thomas; Brand, Christian; Braxmaier, Claus; Bresson, Alexandre; Buchmueller, Oliver; Budker, Dmitry; Bugalho, Luís; Burdin, Sergey; Cacciapuoti, Luigi; Callegari, Simone; Calmet, Xavier; Hobson, Richard; Calonico, Davide; Canuel, Benjamin; Caramete, Laurentiu-Ioan; Carraz, Olivier; Cassettari, Donatella; Chakraborty, Pratik; Chattopadhyay, Swapan; Chauhan, Upasna; Chen, Xuzong; Chen, Yu-Ao; Hock, Vincent; Chiofalo, Maria Luisa; Coleman, Jonathon; Corgier, Robin; Cotter, J. P.; Michael Cruise, A.; Cui, Yanou; Davies, Gavin; De Roeck, Albert; Demarteau, Marcel; Derevianko, Andrei; Barsanti, Michele; Di Clemente, Marco; Djordjevic, Goran S.; Donadi, Sandro; Doré, Olivier; Dornan, Peter; Doser, Michael; Drougakis, Giannis; Dunningham, Jacob; Easo, Sajan; Eby, Joshua; Hogan, Jason M.; Elertas, Gedminas; Ellis, John; Evans, David; Examilioti, Pandora; Fadeev, Pavel; Fanì, Mattia; Fassi, Farida; Fattori, Marco; Fedderke, Michael A.; Felea, Daniel; Holst, Bodil; Feng, Chen-Hao; Ferreras, Jorge; Flack, Robert; Flambaum, Victor V.; Forsberg, René; Fromhold, Mark; Gaaloul, Naceur; Garraway, Barry M.; Georgousi, Maria; Geraci, Andrew; Holynski, Michael; Gibble, Kurt; Gibson, Valerie; Gill, Patrick; Giudice, Gian F.; Goldwin, Jon; Gould, Oliver; Grachov, Oleg; Graham, Peter W.; Grasso, Dario; Griffin, Paul F.; Israelsson, Ulf; Guerlin, Christine; Gündoğan, Mustafa; Gupta, Ratnesh K.; Jeglič, Peter; Jetzer, Philippe; Juzeliūnas, Gediminas; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Kamenik, Jernej F.; Kehagias, Alex; Bass, Steven; Kirova, Teodora; Kiss-Toth, Marton; Koke, Sebastian; Kolkowitz, Shimon; Kornakov, Georgy; Kovachy, Tim; Krutzik, Markus; Kumar, Mukesh; Kumar, Pradeep; Lämmerzahl, Claus; Bassi, Angelo; Landsberg, Greg; Le Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe; Leibrandt, David R.; Lévèque, Thomas; Lewicki, Marek; Li, Rui; Lipniacka, Anna; Lisdat, Christian; Liu, Mia; Lopez-Gonzalez, J. L.; Battelier, Baptiste; Loriani, Sina; Louko, Jorma; Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano; Lundblad, Nathan; Maddox, Steve; Mahmoud, M. A.; Maleknejad, Azadeh; March-Russell, John; Massonnet, Didier; McCabe, Christopher; Baynham, Charles F. A.; Meister, Matthias; Mežnaršič, Tadej; Micalizio, Salvatore; Migliaccio, Federica; Millington, Peter; Milosevic, Milan; Mitchell, Jeremiah; Morley, Gavin W.; Müller, Jürgen; Murphy, Eamonn; Beaufils, Quentin; Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.; O’Shea, Val; Oi, Daniel K. L.; Olson, Judith; Pal, Debapriya; Papazoglou, Dimitris G.; Pasatembou, Elizabeth; Paternostro, Mauro; Pawlowski, Krzysztof; Pelucchi, Emanuele; Belić, Aleksandar; Pereira dos Santos, Franck; Peters, Achim; Pikovski, Igor; Pilaftsis, Apostolos; Pinto, Alexandra; Prevedelli, Marco; Puthiya-Veettil, Vishnupriya; Quenby, John; Rafelski, Johann; Rasel, Ernst M.; Bergé, Joel; Ravensbergen, Cornelis
    We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies.
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    Cross-polarized common-path temporal interferometry for high-sensitivity strong-field ionization measurements
    (Washington, DC : Soc., 2022) Nie, Zan; Nambu, Noa; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Welch, Eric; Matteo, Daniel; Zhang, Chaojie; Wu, Yipeng; Patchkovskii, Serguei; Morales, Felipe; Smirnova, Olga; Joshi, Chan
    Absolute density measurements of low-ionization-degree or low-density plasmas ionized by lasers are very important for understanding strong-field physics, atmospheric propagation of intense laser pulses, Lidar etc. A cross-polarized common-path temporal interferometer using balanced detection was developed for measuring plasma density with a sensitivity of ∼0.6 mrad, equivalent to a plasma density-length product of ∼2.6 × 1013 cm-2 if using an 800 nm probe laser. By using this interferometer, we have investigated strong-field ionization yield versus intensity for various noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) using 800 nm, 55 fs laser pulses with both linear (LP) and circular (CP) polarization. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical models of Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) and Perelomov-Popov-Terent'ev (PPT). We find that the measured phase change induced by plasma formation can be explained by the ADK theory in the adiabatic tunneling ionization regime, while PPT model can be applied to all different regimes. We have also measured the photoionization and fractional photodissociation of molecular (MO) hydrogen. By comparing our experimental results with PPT and MO-PPT models, we have determined the likely ionization pathways when using three different pump laser wavelengths of 800 nm, 400 nm, and 267 nm.