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DDC: 540 × Subject: MXenes ×

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    Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators
    (New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer, 2022) Pang, Jinbo; Peng, Songang; Hou, Chongyang; Wang, Xiao; Wang, Ting; Cao, Yu; Zhou, Weijia; Sun, Ding; Wang, Kai; Rümmeli, Mark H.; Cuniberti, Gianaurelio; Liu, Hong
    Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, space, and balance. The first five senses are prerequisites for people to live. The sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems, including the brain, for interpreting the surrounding environment. Then, the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli, including light, gas, chemicals, sound, and pressure. MXene, as an emerging two-dimensional material, has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and actuators. In this review, we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles, which employ MXene-based film, membrane, and composite with other functional materials. First, a brief introduction is delivered for the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of MXenes. Then, we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas, gas sensors, chemical biosensors, acoustic devices, and tactile sensors for electronic skin. Besides, the actuators of MXene-based composite are introduced. Eventually, future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot, which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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    Ultrathin 2D Titanium Carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Nanoflakes Activate WNT/HIF-1α-Mediated Metabolism Reprogramming for Periodontal Regeneration
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2021) Cui, Di; Kong, Na; Ding, Liang; Guo, Yachong; Yang, Wenrong; Yan, Fuhua
    Periodontal defect regeneration in severe periodontitis relies on the differentiation and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Recently, an emerging 2D nanomaterial, MXene (Ti3C2Tx), has gained more and more attention due to the extensive antibacterial and anticancer activity, while its potential biomedical application on tissue regeneration remains unclear. Through a combination of experimental and multiscale simulation schemes, Ti3C2Tx has exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and induced distinguish osteogenic differentiation of human PDLCs (hPDLCs), with upregulated osteogenesis-related genes. Ti3C2Tx manages to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by enhancing the Wnt-Frizzled complex binding, thus stabilizing HIF-1α and altering metabolic reprogramming into glycolysis. In vivo, hPDLCs pretreated by Ti3C2Tx display excellent performance in new bone formation and osteoclast inhibition with enhanced RUNX2, HIF-1α, and β-catenin in an experimental rat model of periodontal fenestration defects, indicating that this material has high efficiency of periodontal regeneration promotion. It is demonstrated in this work that Ti3C2Tx has highly efficient therapeutic effects in osteogenic differentiation and periodontal defect repairment. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
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    Layered Nano‐Mosaic of Niobium Disulfide Heterostructures by Direct Sulfidation of Niobium Carbide MXenes for Hydrogen Evolution
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2022) Husmann, Samantha; Torkamanzadeh, Mohammad; Liang, Kun; Majed, Ahmad; Dun, Chaochao; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Naguib, Michael; Presser, Volker
    MXene-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures are synthesized through a one-step heat treatment of Nb2C and Nb4C3. These MXenes are used without delamination or any pre-treatment. Heat treatments accomplish the sacrificial transformation of these MXenes into TMD (NbS2) at 700 and 900 °C under H2S. This work investigates, for the first time, the role of starting MXene phase in the derivative morphology. It is shown that while treatment of Nb2C at 700 °C leads to the formation of pillar-like structures on the parent MXene, Nb4C3 produces nano-mosaic layered NbS2. At 900 °C, both MXene phases, of the same transition metal, fully convert into nano-mosaic layered NbS2 preserving the parent MXene's layered morphology. When tested as electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction, Nb4C3-derived hybrids show better performance than Nb2C derivatives. The Nb4C3-derived heterostructure exhibits a low overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 122 mV dec−1, with good cycling stability in an acidic electrolyte.