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    Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystallineMg-7.4%Al powders produced by mechanical alloying
    (Basel : MDPI AG, 2013) Chaubey, A.K.; Scudino, S.; Khoshkhoo, M.S.; Prashanth, K.G.; Mukhopadhyay, N.K.; Mishra, B.K.; Eckert, J.
    Nanocrystalline Mg-7.4%Al powder was prepared by mechanical alloying using a high-energy mill. The evolution of the various phases and their microstructure, including size and morphology of the powder particles in the course of milling and during subsequent annealing, were investigated in detail. Room temperature milling leads to a rather heterogeneous microstructure consisting of two distinct regions: Al-free Mg cores and Mg-Al intermixed areas. As a result, the material is mechanically heterogeneous with the Mg cores displaying low hardness (40–50 HV) and the Mg-Al intermixed regions showing high hardness of about 170 HV. The Mg cores disappear and the microstructure becomes (also mechanically) homogeneous after subsequent cryo-milling. Rietveld structure refinement reveals that the crystallite size of the milled powders decreases with increasing the milling time reaching a minimum value of about 30 nm. This is corroborated by transmission electron microscopy confirming an average grain size of ~25 nm.
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    Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline Fe-P coatings: Influence of bath temperature and glycine concentration on structure, mechanical and corrosion behavior
    (Basel : MDPI AG, 2019) Kovalska, N.; Tsyntsaru, N.; Cesiulis, H.; Gebert, A.; Fornell, J.; Pellicer, E.; Sort, J.; Hansal, W.; Kautek, W.
    A detailed electrochemical study and investigation of a Fe-P glycine bath as a function of the temperature and glycine concentrations and current density, and their resulting corrosion and mechanical behavior is presented. A low addition of glycine to the electrolyte led to a drastic increase of the P content. At low Fe-P deposition rates, heterogeneous rough deposits with morphological bumps and pores were observed. By increasing the Fe-P deposition rate, the number of pores were reduced drastically, resulting in smooth coatings. Increasing the P content led to the formation of nanocrystalline grains from an "amorphous-like" state. Coatings with higher P contents exhibited better corrosion resistance and hardening, most likely attributed to grain boundary strengthening.