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DDC: 630 × Subject: greenhouse gases ×

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    Biochars in soils: towards the required level of scientific understanding
    (Vilnius : VGTU Press, 2016) Tammeorg, Priit; Bastos, Ana Catarina; Jeffery, Simon; Rees, Frédéric; Kern, Jürgen; Graber, Ellen R.; Ventura, Maurizio; Kibblewhite, Mark; Amaro, António; Budai, Alice; Cordovil, Cláudia M.d.S.; Domene, Xavier; Gardi, Ciro; Gascó, Gabriel; Horák, Ján; Kammann, Claudia; Kondrlova, Elena; Laird, David; Loureiro, Susana; Martins, Martinho A.S.; Panzacchi, Pietro; Prasad, Munoo; Prodana, Marija; Puga, Aline Peregrina; Ruysschaert, Greet; Sas-Paszt, Lidia; Silva, Flávio C.; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes; Tonon, Giustino; Delle Vedove, Gemini; Zavalloni, Costanza; Glaser, Bruno; Verheijen, Frank G.A.
    Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional redundancy within soil microbial communities, bioavailability of biochar’s contaminants to soil biota, soil organic matter stability, GHG emissions, soil formation, soil hydrology, nutrient cycling due to microbial priming as well as altered rhizosphere ecology, and soil pH buffering capacity. Methodological and other constraints to achieve the required LOSU are discussed and options for efficient progress of biochar research and sustainable application to soil are presented.
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    Comparative advantage of maize- and grass-silage based feedstock for biogas production with respect to greenhouse gas mitigation
    (Basel : MDPI, 2016) Meyer-Aurich, Andreas; Lochmann, Yulia; Klauss, Hilde; Prochnow, Annette
    This paper analyses the comparative advantage of using silage maize or grass as feedstock for anaerobic digestion to biogas from a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation point of view, taking into account site-specific yield potentials, management options, and land-use change effects. GHG emissions due to the production of biogas were calculated using a life-cycle assessment approach for three different site conditions with specific yield potentials and adjusted management options. While for the use of silage maize, GHG emissions per energy unit were the same for different yield potentials, and the emissions varied substantially for different grassland systems. Without land-use change effects, silage maize-based biogas had lower GHG emissions per energy unit compared to grass-based biogas. Taking land-use change into account, results in a comparative advantage of biogas production from grass-based feedstock produced on arable land compared to silage maize-based feedstock. However, under current frame conditions, it is quite unrealistic that grass production systems would be established on arable land at larger scale.