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- ItemFingerprint of volcanic forcing on the ENSO-Indian monsoon coupling(Washington, DC [u.a.] : Assoc., 2020) Singh, M.; Krishnan, R.; Goswami, B.; Choudhury, A. D.; Swapna, P.; Vellore, R.; Prajeesh, A. G.; Sandeep, N.; Venkataraman, C.; Donner, R. V.; Marwan, N.; Kurths, J.Coupling of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian monsoon (IM) is central to seasonal summer monsoon rainfall predictions over the Indian subcontinent, although a nonstationary relationship between the two nonlinear phenomena can limit seasonal predictability. Radiative effects of volcanic aerosols injected into the stratosphere during large volcanic eruptions (LVEs) tend to alter ENSO evolution; however, their impact on ENSO-IM coupling remains unclear. Here, we investigate how LVEs influence the nonlinear behavior of the ENSO and IM dynamical systems using historical data, 25 paleoclimate reconstructions, last-millennium climate simulations, large-ensemble targeted climate sensitivity experiments, and advanced analysis techniques. Our findings show that LVEs promote a significantly enhanced phase-synchronization of the ENSO and IM oscillations, due to an increase in the angular frequency of ENSO. The results also shed innovative insights into the physical mechanism underlying the LVE-induced enhancement of ENSO-IM coupling and strengthen the prospects for improved seasonal monsoon predictions.
- ItemScientific drilling of Lake Chalco, Basin of Mexico (MexiDrill)(Sapporo : IODP, 2019) Brown, Erik T.; Caballero, Margarita; Cabral Cano, Enrique; Fawcett, Peter J.; Lozano-García, Socorro; Ortega, Beatriz; Pérez, Liseth; Schwalb, Antje; Smith, Victoria; Steinman, Byron A.; Stockhecke, Mona; Valero-Garcés, Blas; Watt, Sebastian; Wattrus, Nigel J.; Werne, Josef P.; Wonik, Thomas; Myrbo, Amy E.; Noren, Anders J.; O'Grady, Ryan; Schnurrenberger, DouglasThe primary scientific objective of MexiDrill, the Basin of Mexico Drilling Program, is development of a continuous, high-resolution ∼400 kyr lacustrine record of tropical North American environmental change. The field location, in the densely populated, water-stressed Mexico City region gives this record particular societal relevance. A detailed paleoclimate reconstruction from central Mexico will enhance our understanding of long-term natural climate variability in the North American tropics and its relationship with changes at higher latitudes. The site lies at the northern margin of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where modern precipitation amounts are influenced by sea surface temperatures in the Pacific and Atlantic basins. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), more winter precipitation at the site is hypothesized to have been a consequence of a southward displacement of the mid-latitude westerlies. It thus represents a key spatial node for understanding large-scale hydrological variability of tropical and subtropical North America and is at an altitude (2240 m a.s.l.), typical of much of western North America. In addition, its sediments contain a rich record of pre-Holocene volcanic history; knowledge of the magnitude and frequency relationships of the area's explosive volcanic eruptions will improve capacity for risk assessment of future activity. Explosive eruption deposits will also be used to provide the backbone of a robust chronology necessary for full exploitation of the paleoclimate record. Here we report initial results from, and outreach activities of, the 2016 coring campaign.