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Type: report × Subject: phase transitions ×

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    Dynamical phase transitions for flows on finite graphs
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2020) Gabrielli, Davide; Renger, D. R. Michiel
    We study the time-averaged flow in a model of particles that randomly hop on a finite directed graph. In the limit as the number of particles and the time window go to infinity but the graph remains finite, the large-deviation rate functional of the average flow is given by a variational formulation involving paths of the density and flow. We give sufficient conditions under which the large deviations of a given time averaged flow is determined by paths that are constant in time. We then consider a class of models on a discrete ring for which it is possible to show that a better strategy is obtained producing a time-dependent path. This phenomenon, called a dynamical phase transition, is known to occur for some particle systems in the hydrodynamic scaling limit, which is thus extended to the setting of a finite graph.
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    A revisited Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model and the evolution of grain-size distributions in steel
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2016) Hömberg, Dietmar; Patacchini, Francesco Saverio; Sakamoto, Kenichi; Zimmer, Johannes
    The classical Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov approach for nucleation and growth models of diffusive phase transitions is revisited and applied to model the growth of ferrite in multiphase steels. For the prediction of mechanical properties of such steels, a deeper knowledge of the grain structure is essential. To this end, a Fokker-Planck evolution law for the volume distribution of ferrite grains is developed and shown to exhibit a log-normally distributed solution. Numerical parameter studies are given and confirm expected properties qualitatively. As a preparation for future work on parameter identification, a strategy is presented for the comparison of volume distributions with area distributions experimentally gained from polished micrograph sections.
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    A mathematical model for case hardening of steel
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2007) Fasano, Antonio; Hömberg, Dietmar; Panizzi, Lucia
    A mathematical model for the gas carburizing of steel is presented. Carbon is dissolved in the surface layer of a low-carbon steel part at a temperature sufficient to render the steel austenitic, followed by quenching to form a martensitic microstructure. The model consists of a nonlinear evolution equation for the temperature, coupled with a nonlinear evolution equation for the carbon concentration, both coupled with two ordinary differential equations to describe the phase fractions. We prove existence and uniqueness of a solution and finally present some numerical simulations.
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    Sharp limit of the viscous Cahn-Hilliard equation and thermodynamic consistency
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Guhlke, Clemens
    Diffuse and sharp interface models represent two alternatives to describe phase transitions with an interface between two coexisting phases. The two model classes can be independently formulated. Thus there arises the problem whether the sharp limit of the diffuse model fits into the setting of a corresponding sharp interface model. We call a diffuse model admissible if its sharp limit produces interfacial jump conditions that are consistent with the balance equations and the 2nd law of thermodynamics for sharp interfaces. We use special cases of the viscous Cahn- Hilliard equation to show that there are admissible as well as non-admissible diffuse interface models.
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    Simulation der Strahlhärtung von Stahl mit WIAS-SHarP
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2002) Buchwalder, A.; Hömberg, D.; Jurke, Th.; Spies, H.-J.; Weiss, W.
    Die Software WIAS-SHarP zur Simulation der Oberflaechenhaertung von Stahl mit Laser- und Elektronenstrahl wurde im Rahmen eines zweijaehrigen interdisziplinaeren Forschungsprojektes entwickelt. Das zugrunde liegende mathematische Modell besteht aus einem System gewoehnlicher Differentialgleichungen zur Beschreibung der Gefuegeumwandlungen, gekoppelt mit einer nichtlinearen Waermeleitungsgleichung sowie Komponenten zur Beschreibung der Energieeinkopplung. Um eine moeglichst breite Anwendbarkeit der Software zu gewaehrleisten, wurden werkstoffspezifische Kennwerte zum Umwandlungsverhalten fuer eine grosse Anzahl praxisrelevanter Staehle bereitgestellt. Zur Modellverifikation wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen bei beteiligten Industriepartnern durchgefuehrt und mit den entsprechenden Simulationsrechnungen verglichen.
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    The degenerate and non-degenerate Stefan problem with inhomogeneous and anisotropic Gibbs-Thomson law
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Kraus, Christiane
    The Stefan problem is coupled with a spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic Gibbs-Thomson condition at the phase boundary. We show the long-time existence of weak solutions for the non-degenerate Stefan problem with a spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic Gibbs-Thomson law and a conditional existence result for the corresponding degenerate Stefan problem. To this end approximate solutions are constructed by means of variational functionals with spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic interfacial energy. By passing to the limit, we establish solutions of the Stefan problem with a spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic Gibbs-Thomson law in a weak generalized BV-formula
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    Entropic solutions to a thermodynamically consistent PDE system for phase transitions and damage
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2014) Rocca, Elisabetta; Rossi, Riccarda
    In this paper we analyze a PDE system modelling (non-isothermal) phase transitions and damage phenomena in thermoviscoelastic materials. The model is thermodynamically consistent: in particular, no small perturbation assumption is adopted, which results in the presence of quadratic terms on the right-hand side of the temperature equation, only estimated in L1. The whole system has a highly nonlinear character. We address the existence of a weak notion of solution, referred to as entropic, where the temperature equation is formulated with the aid of an entropy inequality, and of a total energy inequality. This solvability concept reflects the basic principles of thermomechanics as well as the thermodynamical consistency of the model. It allows us to obtain global-in-time existence theorems without imposing any restriction on the size of the initial data. We prove our results by passing to the limit in a time discretization scheme, carefully tailored to the nonlinear features of the PDE system (with its entropic formulation), and of the a priori estimates performed on it. Our time-discrete analysis could be useful towards the numerical study of this model.
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    Uniformly positive correlations in the dimer model and phase transition in lattice permutations in $mathbbZ^d, d > 2$, via reflection positivity
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Taggi, Lorenzo
    Our first main result is that correlations between monomers in the dimer model in ℤd do not decay to zero when d > 2. This is the first rigorous result about correlations in the dimer model in dimensions greater than two and shows that the model behaves drastically differently than in two dimensions, in which case it is integrable and correlations are known to decay to zero polynomially. Such a result is implied by our more general, second main result, which states the occurrence of a phase transition in the model of lattice permutations, which is related to the quantum Bose gas. More precisely, we consider a self-avoiding walk interacting with lattice permutations and we prove that, in the regime of fully-packed loops, such a walk is `long' and the distance between its end-points grows linearly with the diameter of the box. These results follow from the derivation of a version of the infrared bound from a new general probabilistic settings, with coloured loops and walks interacting at sites and walks entering into the system from some `virtual' vertices.
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    Phase transition and hysteresis in a rechargeable lithium battery
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2007) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Gaberšček, Miran; Jamnik, Janko
    We represent a model which describes the evolution of a phase transition that occurs in some part of a rechargeable lithium battery during the process of charging/discharging. The model is capable to simulate the hysteretic behavior of the voltage - charge characteristics. During discharging of the battery, the interstitial lattice sites of a small crystalline host system are filled up with lithium atoms and these are released again during charging. We show within the context of a sharp interface model that two mechanical phenomena go along with a phase transition that appears in the host system during supply and removal of lithium. At first the lithium atoms need more space than it is available by the interstitial lattice sites, which leads to a maximal relative change of the crystal volume of about $6%$. Furthermore there is an interface between two adjacent phases that has very large curvature of the order of magnitude 100 m, which evoke here a discontinuity of the normal component of the stress. In order to simulate the dynamics of the phase transitions and in particular the observed hysteresis we establish a new initial and boundary value problem for a nonlinear PDE system that can be reduced in some limiting case to an ODE system.
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    Phase transitions for a model with uncountable spin space on the Cayley tree: The general case
    (Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2018) Botirov, Golibjon; Jahnel, Benedikt
    In this paper we complete the analysis of a statistical mechanics model on Cayley trees of any degree, started in [EsHaRo12, EsRo10, BoEsRo13, JaKuBo14, Bo17]. The potential is of nearest-neighbor type and the local state space is compact but uncountable. Based on the system parameters we prove existence of a critical value θ c such that for θ≤θ c there is a unique translation-invariant splitting Gibbs measure. For θ c < θ there is a phase transition with exactly three translation-invariant splitting Gibbs measures. The proof rests on an analysis of fixed points of an associated non-linear Hammerstein integral operator for the boundary laws.