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- ItemCharacterization of the demonstrator of the fast silicon monolithic ASIC for the TT-PET project(London : Inst. of Physics, 2019) Paolozzi, L.; Bandi, Y.; Cardarelli, R.; Débieux, S.; Favre, Y.; Ferrère, D.; Forshaw, D.; Hayakawa, D.; Iacobucci, G.; Kaynak, M.; Miucci, A.; Nessi, M.; Ripiccini, E.; Rücker, H.; Valerio, P.; Weber, M.The TT-PET collaboration is developing a small animal TOF-PET scanner based on monolithic silicon pixel sensors in SiGe BiCMOS technology. The demonstrator chip, a small-scale version of the final detector ASIC, consists of a 03 × 1 pixel matrix integrated with the front-end, a 50 ps binning TDC and read out logic. The chip, thinned down to 100 µm and backside metallized, was operated at a voltage of 180 V. The tests on a beam line of minimum ionizing particles show a detection efficiency greater than 99.9% and a time resolution down to 110 ps. © 2019 CERN.
- ItemTest beam measurement of the first prototype of the fast silicon pixel monolithic detector for the TT-PET project(London : Inst. of Physics, 2018) Paolozzi, L.; Bandi, Y.; Benoit, M.; Cardarelli, R.; Débieux, S.; Forshaw, D.; Hayakawa, D.; Iacobucci, G.; Kaynak, M.; Miucci, A.; Nessi, M.; Ratib, O.; Ripiccini, E.; Rücker, H.; Valerio, P.; Weber, M.The TT-PET collaboration is developing a PET scanner for small animals with 30 ps time-of-flight resolution and sub-millimetre 3D detection granularity. The sensitive element of the scanner is a monolithic silicon pixel detector based on state-of-the-art SiGe BiCMOS technology. The first ASIC prototype for the TT-PET was produced and tested in the laboratory and with minimum ionizing particles. The electronics exhibit an equivalent noise charge below 600 e− RMS and a pulse rise time of less than 2 ns , in accordance with the simulations. The pixels with a capacitance of 0.8 pF were measured to have a detection efficiency greater than 99% and, although in the absence of the post-processing, a time resolution of approximately 200 ps .
- ItemPicosecond Avalanche Detector — working principle and gain measurement with a proof-of-concept prototype(London : Inst. of Physics, 2022) Paolozzi, L.; Munker, M.; Cardella, R.; Milanesio, M.; Gurimskaya, Y.; Martinelli, F.; Picardi, A.; Rücker, H.; Trusch, A.; Valerio, P.; Cadoux, F.; Cardarelli, R.; Débieux, S.; Favre, Y.; Fenoglio, C.A.; Ferrere, D.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Kotitsa, R.; Magliocca, C.; Moretti, T.; Nessi, M.; Pizarro Medina, A.; Sabater Iglesias, J.; Saidi, J.; Vicente Barreto Pinto, M.; Zambito, S.; Iacobucci, G.The Picosecond Avalanche Detector is a multi-junction silicon pixel detector based on a (NP)drift(NP)gain structure, devised to enable charged-particle tracking with high spatial resolution and picosecond time-stamp capability. It uses a continuous junction deep inside the sensor volume to amplify the primary charge produced by ionizing radiation in a thin absorption layer. The signal is then induced by the secondary charges moving inside a thicker drift region. A proof-of-concept monolithic prototype, consisting of a matrix of hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, has been produced using the 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process by IHP microelectronics. Measurements on probe station and with a 55Fe X-ray source show that the prototype is functional and displays avalanche gain up to a maximum electron gain of 23. A study of the avalanche characteristics, corroborated by TCAD simulations, indicates that space-charge effects due to the large primary charge produced by the conversion of X-rays from the ^55Fe source limits the effective gain.
- ItemA monolithic ASIC demonstrator for the Thin Time-of-Flight PET scanner(London : Inst. of Physics, 2019) Valerio, P.; Cardarelli, R.; Iacobucci, G.; Paolozzi, L.; Ripiccini, E.; Hayakawa, D.; Bruno, S.; Caltabiano, A.; Kaynak, M.; Rücker, H.; Nessi, M.Time-of-flight measurement is an important advancement in PET scanners to improve image reconstruction with a lower delivered radiation dose. This article describes the monolithic ASIC for the TT-PET project, a novel idea for a high-precision PET scanner for small animals. The chip uses a SiGe Bi-CMOS process for timing measurements, integrating a fully-depleted pixel matrix with a low-power BJT-based front-end per channel, integrated on the same 100 µm thick die. The target timing resolution of the scanner is 30 ps RMS for electrons from the conversion of 511 keV photons. The system will include 1.6 million channels across almost 2000 different chips. A full-featured demonstrator chip with a 3×10 matrix of 500×500 µm2 pixels was fabricated to validate each block. Its design and experimental results are presented here. © 2019 CERN.