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Publisher: New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery ×

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    Incentive Mechanisms in Peer-to-Peer Networks — A Systematic Literature Review
    (New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery, 2023) Ihle, Cornelius; Trautwein, Dennis; Schubotz, Moritz; Meuschke, Norman; Gipp, Bela
    Centralized networks inevitably exhibit single points of failure that malicious actors regularly target. Decentralized networks are more resilient if numerous participants contribute to the network’s functionality. Most decentralized networks employ incentive mechanisms to coordinate the participation and cooperation of peers and thereby ensure the functionality and security of the network. This article systematically reviews incentive mechanisms for decentralized networks and networked systems by covering 165 prior literature reviews and 178 primary research papers published between 1993 and October 2022. Of the considered sources, we analyze 11 literature reviews and 105 primary research papers in detail by categorizing and comparing the distinctive properties of the presented incentive mechanisms. The reviewed incentive mechanisms establish fairness and reward participation and cooperative behavior. We review work that substitutes central authority through independent and subjective mechanisms run in isolation at each participating peer and work that applies multiparty computation. We use monetary, reputation, and service rewards as categories to differentiate the implementations and evaluate each incentive mechanism’s data management, attack resistance, and contribution model. Further, we highlight research gaps and deficiencies in reproducibility and comparability. Finally, we summarize our assessments and provide recommendations to apply incentive mechanisms to decentralized networks that share computational resources.
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    Using Learning Analytics to Identify Student Learning Profiles for Software Development Courses
    (New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery, 2023) Söchtig, Philipp; Apel, Sebastian; Windisch, Hans-Michael; Mottok, Jürgen
    Often lecturers encounter the problem of not knowing how students use the course materials during a semester. In our approach we devised a web-based system that presents all learning materials in a digital format, allowing us to record student learning activities. The recorded usage data enabled extensive analyses of student learning behaviour which can support lecturers with improving the materials as well as understanding students’ learning material preferences and learning profiles, which can be composed by combining different usage modes depending on the material used. For the lectures we analysed, a higher success in the exam can be correlated to higher usage of the learning material according to our research data. Furthermore, student preferences regarding the form of presentation (f.e. slides over videos) could also be seen.