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Publisher: Stuttgart : E. Schweizerbart Science Publishers × WGL Institute: IAP ×

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    A generalized formulation of the dynamic Smagorinsky model
    (Stuttgart : E. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2016) Schaefer-Rolffs, Urs
    A generalized formulation of the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model (DSM) is proposed as a versatile turbulent momentum diffusion scheme for Large-Eddy Simulations. The difference to previous versions of the DSM is a modified test filter range that can be chosen independently from the resolution scale to separate the impact of the test filter on the simulated flow from the impact of the resolution. The generalized DSM (gDSM) in a two-dimensional version is validated in a verification study as a horizontal momentum diffusion scheme with the Kühlungsborn Mechanistic General Circulation Model at high resolution (wavenumber 330) without hyperdiffusion. Three-day averaged results applying three different test filters in the macro-turbulent inertial range are presented and compared with analogous simulations where the standard DSM is used instead. The comparison of the different filters results in all cases in similar globally averaged Smagorinsky parameters cS ≃ 0.35 and horizontal kinetic energy spectra. Hence, the basic assumption of scale invariance underlying the application of the gDSM to parameterize atmospheric turbulence is justified. In addition, the smallest resolved scales contain less energy when the gDSM is applied, thus increasing the stability of the simulation.
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    UTLS temperature validation of MPI-ESM decadal hindcast experiments with GPS radio occultations
    (Stuttgart : E. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2015) Schmidt, Torsten; Schoon, Lena; Dobslaw, Henryk; Matthes, Katja; Thomas, Maik; Wickert, Jens
    Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) temperature data are used to validate MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute – Earth System Model) decadal hindcast experiments in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region between 300 hPa and 10 hPa (8 km and 32 km) for the time period between 2002 and 2011. The GPSRO dataset is unique since it is very precise, calibration independent and covers the globe better than the usual radiosonde dataset. In addition it is vertically finer resolved than any of the existing satellite temperature measurements available for the UTLS and provides now a unique one decade long temperature validation dataset. The initialization of the MPI-ESM decadal hindcast runs mostly increases the skill of the atmospheric temperatures when compared to uninitialized climate projections with very high skill scores for lead-year one, and gradually decreases for the later lead-years. A comparison between two different initialization sets (b0, b1) of the low-resolution (LR) MPI-ESM shows increased skills in b1-LR in most parts of the UTLS in particular in the tropics. The medium resolution (MR) MPI-ESM initializations are characterized by reduced temperature biases in the uninitialized runs as compared to observations and a better capturing of the high latitude northern hemisphere interannual polar vortex variability as compared to the LR model version. Negative skills are found for the b1-MR hindcasts however in the regions around the mid-latitude tropospheric jets on both hemispheres and in the vicinity of the tropical tropopause in comparison to the b1-LR variant. It is interesting to highlight that none of the model experiments can reproduce the observed positive temperature trend in the tropical tropopause region since 2001 as seen by GPSRO data.