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Subject: Binary mixtures ×

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    Effect of cation size of binary cation ionic liquid mixtures on capacitive energy storage
    (New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2023) Seltmann, Anna; Verkholyak, Taras; Gołowicz, Dariusz; Pameté, Emmanuel; Kuzmak, Andrij; Presser, Volker; Kondrat, Svyatoslav
    Ionic liquid mixtures show promise as electrolytes for supercapacitors with nanoporous electrodes. Herein, we investigate theoretically and with experiments how binary electrolytes comprising a common anion and two types of differently-sized cations affect capacitive energy storage. We find that such electrolytes can enhance the capacitance of single nanopores and nanoporous electrodes under potential differences negative relative to the potential of zero charge. For a two-electrode cell, however, they are beneficial only at low and intermediate cell voltages, while a neat ionic liquid performs better at higher voltages. We reveal subtle effects of how the distribution of pores accessible to different types of ions correlates with charge storage and suggest approaches to increase capacitance and stored energy density with ionic liquid mixtures.
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    SET-LRP in biphasic mixtures of fluorinated alcohols with water
    (Cambridge : RSC Publ., 2018) Moreno, Adrian; Liu, Tong; Ding, Liang; Buzzacchera, Irene; Galià, Marina; Möller, Martin; Wilson, Christopher J.; Lligadas, Gerard; Percec, Virgil
    Biphasic-binary mixtures of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) or 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol (TFP) with water were used as reaction media to synthesize well-defined poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) with chain end functionality close to 100% by SET-LRP. Non-activated Cu(0) wire was used as a catalyst, taking advantage of the Cu(0)-activation property that these fluorinated alcohols possess. Biphasic-binary mixtures of water, containing a ligand and Cu(II)Br2 either generated by disproportionation of Cu(I)Br or externally added, and an organic solvent, containing a monomer and a polymer, were studied. Two N-ligands were investigated: the classic tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6-TREN) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), as a more economically attractive alternative for technological purposes. The results reported here support the replacement of Me6-TREN by TREN, taking into account the fact that the latter requires small loadings of an externally added Cu(II)Br2 deactivator and a ligand in the water phase to mediate a living radical polymerization process. Both catalytic systems ensure efficient SET-LRP processes with first order kinetics to high conversion, linear dependence of experimental Mn on conversion, narrow molecular weight distribution, and near-quantitative chain end functionality.
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    Volume fraction determination of binary liquid mixtures by measurement of the equalization wavelength
    (Basel : MDPI, 2010) Martincek, I.; Pudis, D.; Kacik, D.; Schuster, K.
    A method for determination of the volume fraction in binary liquid mixtures by measurement of the equalization wavelength of intermodal interference of modes LP01 and LP11 in a liquid core optical fiber is presented in this paper. This method was studied using a liquid core optical fiber with fused silica cladding and a core made up of a binary silicon oil/chloroform liquid mixture with different volume fractions of chloroform. The interference technique used allows us to determine the chloroform volume fraction in the binary mixture with accuracy better than 0.1%. One of the most attractive advantages of presented method is very small volume of investigated mixture needed, as only a few hundred picoliters are necessary for reliable results. © 2010 by the authors.